Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Tumor Progression02:07

Tumor Progression

6.3K
Tumor progression is a phenomenon where the pre-formed tumor acquires successive mutations to become clinically more aggressive and malignant. In the 1950s, Foulds first described the stepwise progression of cancer cells through successive stages.
Colon cancer is one of the best-documented examples of tumor progression. Early mutation in the APC gene in colon cells causes a small growth on the colon wall called a polyp. With time, this polyp grows into a benign, pre-cancerous tumor. Further...
6.3K
Relative Risk01:12

Relative Risk

150
Relative risk (RR) is a statistical measure commonly used in epidemiology to compare the likelihood of a particular event occurring between two groups. This metric is important for evaluating the relationship between exposure to a specific risk factor and the probability of a particular outcome. It plays a crucial role in medical research, public health studies, and risk assessment. Relative risk quantifies how much more (or less) likely an event is to occur in an exposed group compared to an...
150

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Microbial characterization of oral microbiome in patients with open-angle glaucoma.

Scientific reports·2026
Same author

ASO Visual Abstract: Comparing Resident Team Performance in Complex Surgical Oncology: A Single-Institution Cohort Study.

Annals of surgical oncology·2026
Same author

Non-interruptive decision support to increase appropriate screening for primary hyperparathyroidism.

American journal of surgery·2026
Same author

Genetic Susceptibility to Incisional Hernia Evaluation of Hernia Polygenic Risk Scores.

medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences·2026
Same author

Comparing Resident Team Performance in Complex Surgical Oncology: A Single-Institution Cohort Study.

Annals of surgical oncology·2026
Same author

Patient Outcome Reports for Senior Residents: An Opportunity to Foster Reflection and Identify Outliers for Intervention.

Journal of surgical education·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 23, 2025

Computer-Aided Three-Dimensional Visualization in the Treatment of Locally Advanced Thyroid Cancer
03:55

Computer-Aided Three-Dimensional Visualization in the Treatment of Locally Advanced Thyroid Cancer

Published on: June 9, 2023

514

Revisiting the Relationship Between Tumor Size and Risk in Well-Differentiated Thyroid Cancer.

Sara P Ginzberg1,2,3, James Sharpe1, Jesse E Passman1,3

  • 1Department of Surgery, University of Pennsylvania Health System, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.

Thyroid : Official Journal of the American Thyroid Association
|June 15, 2024
PubMed
Summary

Large tumor size in well-differentiated thyroid cancer increases risk, but high-risk features are more critical. A 4 cm cutoff is not the most significant indicator of increased mortality risk.

Keywords:
clinical management guidelinesprognosisrisk factorsthyroid neoplasms

More Related Videos

Competing-Risk Nomogram for Predicting Cancer-Specific Survival in Multiple Primary Colorectal Cancer Patients after Surgery
06:46

Competing-Risk Nomogram for Predicting Cancer-Specific Survival in Multiple Primary Colorectal Cancer Patients after Surgery

Published on: September 27, 2024

249
Establishment and Characterization of Patient-Derived Xenograft Models of Anaplastic Thyroid Carcinoma and Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma
06:08

Establishment and Characterization of Patient-Derived Xenograft Models of Anaplastic Thyroid Carcinoma and Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma

Published on: June 2, 2023

1.7K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 23, 2025

Computer-Aided Three-Dimensional Visualization in the Treatment of Locally Advanced Thyroid Cancer
03:55

Computer-Aided Three-Dimensional Visualization in the Treatment of Locally Advanced Thyroid Cancer

Published on: June 9, 2023

514
Competing-Risk Nomogram for Predicting Cancer-Specific Survival in Multiple Primary Colorectal Cancer Patients after Surgery
06:46

Competing-Risk Nomogram for Predicting Cancer-Specific Survival in Multiple Primary Colorectal Cancer Patients after Surgery

Published on: September 27, 2024

249
Establishment and Characterization of Patient-Derived Xenograft Models of Anaplastic Thyroid Carcinoma and Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma
06:08

Establishment and Characterization of Patient-Derived Xenograft Models of Anaplastic Thyroid Carcinoma and Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma

Published on: June 2, 2023

1.7K

Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Pathology

Background:

  • Large tumor size is linked to poorer outcomes in well-differentiated thyroid cancer.
  • The independent prognostic value of tumor size >4 cm, separate from other aggressive markers, requires clarification.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the association between tumor size, high-risk histopathological features, and survival in well-differentiated thyroid cancer.
  • To determine if a 4 cm tumor size cutoff accurately reflects management decisions.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of the National Cancer Database (2010-2015) and the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results Program (2008-2013) for well-differentiated thyroid cancer patients.
  • Propensity score matching and multivariable Cox proportional hazards models to assess tumor size and survival.
  • Interaction terms used to evaluate the combined effect of tumor size and high-risk features on survival.

Main Results:

  • Tumor size >4 cm was independently associated with worse survival (HR 1.63, p < 0.001).
  • Combined large tumor size and high-risk features resulted in worse survival than either factor alone.
  • The most significant increases in mortality hazard occurred at 2 cm and 5 cm, not at the 4 cm threshold.

Conclusions:

  • Concomitant high-risk features have a greater impact on survival than large tumor size alone.
  • The 4 cm cutoff is not the optimal threshold for identifying increased risk in well-differentiated thyroid cancer.
  • A more refined approach to tumor size assessment is recommended for managing well-differentiated thyroid cancer.