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First Order Alignment Transition in an Interfaced Active Nematic Fluid.

Olga Bantysh1,2, Berta Martínez-Prat1,2, Jyothishraj Nambisan3

  • 1Department of Materials Science and Physical Chemistry, Universitat de Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain.

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|June 15, 2024
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Active nematics exhibit discontinuous phase transitions, unlike continuous transitions in passive fluids. This study reveals intermittent dynamics and coexisting regions during alignment transitions in active nematic layers.

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Area of Science:

  • Soft Matter Physics
  • Active Matter Physics
  • Liquid Crystal Dynamics

Background:

  • Active nematics are systems with self-propelled constituents exhibiting complex flow and orientational patterns.
  • Passive liquid crystals undergo well-defined phase transitions, such as the transition to the smectic-A phase.
  • Understanding the interplay between active and passive systems is crucial for novel material design.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To experimentally investigate the dynamic phase transition of a 2D active nematic layer coupled with a passive liquid crystal.
  • To analyze the influence of a temperature ramp and magnetic field on the active nematic's behavior during the passive phase transition.
  • To characterize the order of the phase transition in the active nematic system.

Main Methods:

  • Experimental setup involving a two-dimensional active nematic layer interfaced with a passive liquid crystal.
  • Application of a temperature ramp to induce a phase transition in the passive liquid crystal to a smectic-A phase.
  • Use of a magnetic field to influence the orientation and flow patterns of the active nematic.

Main Results:

  • The active nematic layer transitions from a turbulent to a quasilaminar regime aligned perpendicularly to the magnetic field.
  • Observations show intermittent dynamics of the order parameter, unlike the continuous transition of the passive fluid.
  • Coexistence of aligned and turbulent regions within the active nematic was observed, indicating a discontinuous transition.

Conclusions:

  • Active nematic alignment transitions are intrinsically discontinuous (first order), irrespective of symmetry or momentum-damping.
  • The coupling with a passive smectic-A phase transition influences the active nematic's dynamic behavior.
  • These findings provide insights into the fundamental nature of phase transitions in active matter systems.