Recent development in dual function fluorescence probes for HOCl and interaction with different bioactive molecules.

Area of Science:

• Biochemistry
• Molecular Biology
• Chemical Biology

Background:

• Reactive species (ROS, RSS, RNS) and metal ions are vital in biological signaling and disease.
• Dysregulation of these species contributes to stress-related pathologies.
• Understanding their interplay is critical for biological research.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review the application of small-molecule fluorescent/chemodosimeter probes for quantifying reactive species.
• To highlight the role of these probes in mapping species distribution in vitro and in vivo.
• To discuss dual sensing probes, particularly for hypochlorous acid/hypochlorite.

Main Methods:

• Literature review focusing on small-molecule fluorescent probes.
• Analysis of probe strategies for detecting ROS, RSS, RNS, and metal ions.
• Emphasis on probes enabling spatiotemporal mapping in biological environments.

Main Results:

• Fluorescent probes offer high precision for measuring and mapping reactive species.
• These probes are instrumental in advancing redox biology.
• Dual sensing probes provide insights into the relationship between different reactive species, like HOCl/ClO-.

Conclusions:

• Small-molecule probes are essential tools for quantifying and visualizing reactive species in biological systems.
• Their application facilitates breakthroughs in understanding redox biology and related diseases.
• Further development of probes, including dual-sensing capabilities, will enhance biological research.