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New Perspectives in Management of Cardiovascular Risk Among People With Diabetes

Abhishek Gami1, Roger S Blumenthal2, Darren K McGuire3

  • 1Department of Internal Medicine Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine Baltimore MD.

Journal of the American Heart Association
|June 15, 2024
PubMed

Insights

Type 2 diabetes care now prioritizes cardiovascular risk management over hyperglycemia control. Guidelines recommend sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors and glucagon-like protein-1 receptor agonists to reduce cardiovascular events.

Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Endocrinology
  • Pharmacology

Background:

  • Recent cardiovascular outcome trials have shifted type 2 diabetes management focus.
  • Hyperglycemia control is now secondary to cardiovascular risk mitigation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review evidence supporting current guidelines for managing type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular risk.
  • To highlight the role of specific drug classes in reducing cardiovascular events.

Main Methods:

  • Review of landmark cardiovascular outcome trials.
  • Analysis of international cardiology and diabetes society guidelines.
  • Examination of the 2023 European Society of Cardiology guideline.

Main Results:

  • Sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors and glucagon-like protein-1 receptor agonists are recommended as first-line therapies.
  • These medications are endorsed for mitigating cardiovascular risk in type 2 diabetes patients.
  • New guidelines recommend these drug classes for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease, heart failure, and chronic kidney disease.

Conclusions:

  • Contemporary guidelines emphasize cardiovascular risk reduction in type 2 diabetes.
  • Specific antihyperglycemic agents are crucial for managing cardiovascular complications.
  • Evidence supports the use of SGLT2 inhibitors and GLP-1 RAs for comprehensive patient care.
Keywords:
cardiovascular riskdiabetesfinerenoneglucagon‐like protein‐1 receptor agonistssodium‐glucose cotransporter‐2 inhibitors

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