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Base complementarity between the three base pairs of mRNA codon and the tRNA anticodon is not a failsafe mechanism. Inaccuracies can range from a single mismatch to no correct base pairing at all. The free energy difference between the correct and nearly correct base pairs can be as small as 3 kcal/ mol. With complementarity being the only proofreading step, the estimated error frequency would be one wrong amino acid in every 100 amino acids incorporated. However, error frequencies observed in...
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In eukaryotes, transcription and translation are compartmentalized; an mRNA is first synthesized in the nucleus and then selectively transported to the cytoplasm for protein synthesis. Before transport, a pre-mRNA undergoes several steps of post-transcriptional modifications including splicing, 5' capping, and the addition of a poly-adenine tail. Various proteins bind to the pre-mRNA during these modifications. The mRNA transport takes place with the help of multiple proteins playing...
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The gene expression in cells is regulated at different stages: (i) transcription, (ii) RNA processing, (iii) RNA localization, and (iv) translation. Transcriptional regulation is mediated by regulatory proteins such as transcription factors, activators, or repressors—these control gene expression by initiating or inhibiting the transcription of genes. Once a precursor or pre-mRNA is produced, it undergoes post-transcriptional modification, including 5' capping, splicing, and the...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 23, 2025

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eIF4E orchestrates mRNA processing, RNA export and translation to modify specific protein production.

Jean-Clément Mars1, Biljana Culjkovic-Kraljacic1, Katherine L B Borden1

  • 1Institute of Research in Immunology and Cancer, Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada.

Nucleus (Austin, Tex.)
|June 17, 2024
PubMed
Summary

The eukaryotic translation initiation factor eIF4E influences mRNA processing, export, and translation by binding to the mRNA cap. It reprograms cellular machinery and interacts with specific mRNAs, impacting gene expression and cancer development.

Keywords:
Cap binding proteincappingeIF4Egene expressionm7G capmRNA exportmRNA maturationmRNA processingsplicingtranslation

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Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Gene Expression Regulation
  • Cancer Biology

Background:

  • The eukaryotic translation initiation factor eIF4E is crucial for mRNA metabolism.
  • eIF4E binds the 5' methyl-7-guanosine cap of mRNAs, acting as a nuclear and cytoplasmic cap chaperone.
  • Its functions extend to mRNA processing, export, and translation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the multifactorial roles of eIF4E in mRNA processing, export, and translation.
  • To elucidate the molecular mechanisms underlying eIF4E's diverse functions.
  • To discuss the relevance of eIF4E to oncogenesis and potential cancer therapies.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of eIF4E's functions in mRNA processing events (capping, splicing, polyadenylation, export, translation).
  • Analysis of eIF4E's two-level action: altering processing machinery production and direct interaction with mRNAs and machinery.
  • Examination of cis-acting elements (USER codes) governing mRNA selectivity.

Main Results:

  • eIF4E broadly impacts mRNA processing by altering the production of processing machinery components.
  • eIF4E directly interacts with capped mRNAs and RNA processing/translation factors.
  • mRNA selectivity for eIF4E is mediated by USER codes and specific co-factors.
  • Approximately 80 eIF4E-interacting factors involved in these activities were identified.

Conclusions:

  • eIF4E possesses multifactorial roles in gene expression regulation through distinct molecular mechanisms.
  • Its functions are selective, influenced by mRNA-specific elements and co-factors.
  • Dysregulation of eIF4E contributes to oncogenesis, making it a target for cancer therapy.