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Updated: Jun 23, 2025

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A Hospital-Based Case-Control Study on Whole- and Refined-Grain Intake and Risk of Stroke.

Fatemeh Shirani¹, Mohammad Saadatnia², Forough Shakeri³

¹Endocrine and Metabolism Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.

ARYA Atherosclerosis

|June 17, 2024

Summary

This study found no significant link between whole or refined grain intake and stroke risk in Iranian adults. However, higher refined grain consumption showed a trend towards increased stroke odds in some analyses.

Keywords:

Case-control study Refined grain Whole grain stroke

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Area of Science:

Nutrition Science
Epidemiology
Public Health

Background:

Dietary patterns, particularly grain consumption, are crucial for public health.
Understanding the differential impact of whole versus refined grains on stroke risk is important for preventative strategies.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the association between whole and refined grain intake and stroke risk.
To analyze this relationship within the Iranian adult population.

Main Methods:

A hospital-based case-control study involving 195 stroke patients and 195 controls.
Dietary intake assessed using a validated semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire.
Whole and refined grains defined based on established criteria.

Main Results:

No significant difference in overall whole or refined grain intake between stroke cases and controls.
A trend towards increased stroke odds was observed with higher refined grain intake (OR: 2.02) after adjustment.
No significant association was found between whole grain consumption and stroke risk.

Conclusions:

The study did not establish a statistically significant link between whole or refined grain intake and stroke risk.
Further prospective research is recommended to clarify the relationship between grain consumption and stroke incidence.