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Related Concept Videos

Cationic Chain-Growth Polymerization: Mechanism00:57

Cationic Chain-Growth Polymerization: Mechanism

2.3K
The cationic polymerization mechanism consists of three steps: initiation, propagation, and termination. In the initiation step of the polymerization process, the π bond of a monomer gets protonated by the Lewis acid catalyst, which is formed from boron trifluoride and water. The protonation of the π bond generates a carbocation stabilized by the electron‐donating group. In the propagation step, the π bond of the second monomer acts as a nucleophile and attacks the...
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Anionic Chain-Growth Polymerization: Overview01:20

Anionic Chain-Growth Polymerization: Overview

2.1K
The polymerization process that involves carbanion as an intermediate is called anionic polymerization. It is also a type of addition or chain-growth polymerization. Anionic polymerization gets initiated by a strong nucleophile such as an organolithium or a Grignard reagent. The most commonly used initiator for anionic polymerization is butyl lithium. Monomers involved in anionic polymerization must possess a vinyl group bonded to one or two electron-withdrawing groups. For instance,...
2.1K
Anionic Chain-Growth Polymerization: Mechanism01:04

Anionic Chain-Growth Polymerization: Mechanism

2.0K
The mechanism for anionic chain-growth polymerization involves initiation, propagation, and termination steps. In the initiation step, a nucleophilic anion, such as butyl lithium, initiates the polymerization process by attacking the π bond of the vinylic monomer. As a result, a carbanion, stabilized by the electron‐withdrawing group, is generated. The resulting carbanion acts as a Michael donor in the propagation step and attacks the second vinylic monomer, which acts as a Michael...
2.0K
Radical Chain-Growth Polymerization: Mechanism01:09

Radical Chain-Growth Polymerization: Mechanism

2.5K
The radical chain-growth polymerization mechanism consists of three steps: initiation, propagation, and termination of polymerization. The polymerization initiates when a free radical generated from the radical initiator adds to the unsaturated bond in the monomer. The unpaired electron of the free radical and one π electron in the unsaturated bond creates a σ bond between the free radical and the monomer. As a result, the other π electron in the unsaturated bond converts this...
2.5K
Olefin Metathesis Polymerization: Overview01:13

Olefin Metathesis Polymerization: Overview

2.1K
Recently, the development of olefin metathesis polymerization advanced the field of polymer synthesis. Simply put, the reorganization of substituents on their double bonds between two olefins in the presence of a catalyst is known as the olefin metathesis reaction. The use of metathesis reaction for polymer synthesis is called olefin metathesis polymerization.
Ruthenium-based Grubbs catalyst is the most commonly used catalyst for olefin metathesis polymerization. Grubbs catalyst consists...
2.1K
Free-Radical Chain Reaction and Polymerization of Alkenes02:35

Free-Radical Chain Reaction and Polymerization of Alkenes

7.8K
The conversion of alkenes to macromolecules called polymers is a reaction of high commercial importance. The structure of the polymer is defined by a repeating unit, while the terminal groups are considered insignificant. The average degree of polymerization represents the number of repeating units in the polymer molecule and is denoted by the subscript n.
7.8K

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Reductive Electropolymerization of a Vinyl-containing Poly-pyridyl Complex on Glassy Carbon and Fluorine-doped Tin Oxide Electrodes
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Reductive Electropolymerization of a Vinyl-containing Poly-pyridyl Complex on Glassy Carbon and Fluorine-doped Tin Oxide Electrodes

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Recent Developments on Cationic Polymerization of Vinyl Ethers.

Sourav Singha1, Swagata Pan1, Syamal S Tallury2

  • 1Polymer Research Centre and Centre for Advanced Functional Materials, Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Mohanpur 741246, Nadia, West Bengal, India.

ACS Polymers Au
|June 17, 2024
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Recent advancements in cationic polymerization include cationic reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization, enabling open-air, room-temperature reactions. These methods offer cost-effectiveness and environmental benefits, with stimuli-responsive control and improved polymer stereoregularity.

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Anionic Polymerization of an Amphiphilic Copolymer for Preparation of Block Copolymer Micelles Stabilized by π-π Stacking Interactions
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Anionic Polymerization of an Amphiphilic Copolymer for Preparation of Block Copolymer Micelles Stabilized by π-π Stacking Interactions
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Area of Science:

  • Polymer Chemistry
  • Organic Chemistry

Background:

  • Conventional cationic polymerization requires inert atmospheres and low temperatures.
  • Recent innovations have overcome these limitations, offering more accessible methods.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review recent developments in cationic polymerization.
  • To highlight novel techniques like cationic reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization.
  • To discuss advancements in catalyst systems and external stimuli control.

Main Methods:

  • Review of recent literature on cationic polymerization techniques.
  • Analysis of methods operating under open-air and room-temperature conditions.
  • Exploration of stimuli-responsive polymerization and catalyst modifications.

Main Results:

  • Development of cationic RAFT polymerization.
  • Novel techniques allow polymerization in open air at room temperature.
  • External stimuli (heat, light, chemicals, electrical potential) enable controlled polymerization.
  • Combined polymerization methods in a single vessel.
  • Catalyst modifications lead to high stereoregularity polymers.

Conclusions:

  • Cationic polymerization has evolved with new, versatile, and controlled methods.
  • These advancements offer cost-effective and environmentally friendly alternatives.
  • Future perspectives include further control and broader applications.