Self-Reporting Supramolecular Coacervates Driven by Liquid-Liquid Phase Separation Enable Systemic Translocation and...

Effective delivery of hydrophobic photosensitizers across complex biological barriers (e.g., superhydrophobic surfaces) for systemic therapeutic action remains a formidable challenge in supramolecular chemistry and materials science. Herein, we developed a fluidic supramolecular coacervate platform assembled by liquid-liquid phase separation (LLPS) that spontaneously assembles cationic conjugated polymer photosensitizers with biobased poly(thioctic acid) derivatives into dynamic coacervates (CMCP). The fluidic CMCP exhibits strong adhesion and deposition on hydrophobic plant surfaces, ensuring excellent retention and efficacy under agricultural conditions. CMCP demonstrates remarkable photodynamic antibacterial activity, completely eradicating Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae under white light irradiation. Under natural light, CMCP effectively treats rice bacterial blight in vivo and can enhance rice defense by modulating antioxidant enzyme systems. Additionally, leveraging the intrinsic fluorescence of the conjugated backbone, we demonstrate the self-reporting capability of the system, visualizing its uptake by roots and subsequent systemic translocation via vascular bundles to leaves─a feat rarely achieved by hydrophobic photosensitizers. This work presents a paradigm for designing fluidic supramolecular materials to overcome biological barriers, offering a potent strategy for sustainable, pesticide-free bioprotection.