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Related Concept Videos

Mortar Properties01:17

Mortar Properties

122
Mortar properties encompass a range of characteristics crucial for construction and masonry work, including workability, water retention, bond strength, durability, compressive strength, volume change, and appearance. Workability refers to mortar's ability to be easily applied and manipulated without sagging or falling off surfaces, which is important for efficient masonry unit placement and alignment. Water retention is essential to prevent the mortar from losing moisture too quickly to...
122
Soundness of Cement01:17

Soundness of Cement

158
The soundness of cement refers to the ability of cement paste to retain its volume after setting. Unsound cement can lead to expansion and structural damage due to the presence of free lime, magnesia, and calcium sulfate. Free lime hydrates very slowly, expanding and causing unsoundness, which is difficult to detect because it intercrystallizes with other compounds. Magnesia also reacts with water, forming crystals that can disrupt the cement's structure. Calcium sulfate can create...
158
Strength of Cement01:20

Strength of Cement

131
Strength tests for cement are not performed directly on neat cement paste due to difficulty in obtaining consistent, reliable specimens. Instead, cement is typically tested in the form of cement-sand mortar.
For compressive strength tests, ASTM C 109-05 standards prescribe a cement-sand mix ratio of 1:2.75 and a water/cement ratio of 0.485 for making 2-inch cubes. These cubes are mixed, cast, and cured in saturated lime water at 23°C until testing. Flexural strength testing, outlined in...
131
Hydration of Cement01:24

Hydration of Cement

220
Hydration of cement is a chemical reaction between cement particles and water. This process occurs primarily through two mechanisms: through-solution and topochemical. In the through-solution process, anhydrous compounds dissolve into their constituents, hydrates form in the solution, and then precipitate from the supersaturated solution. The topochemical process involves solid-state reactions at the cement particle surface. The through-solution process dominates the topochemical process at the...
220
Porosity in Cement Paste01:18

Porosity in Cement Paste

125
The porosity of concrete is a measure of the void spaces within its structure. These spaces impact its strength and durability significantly. When water and cement interact, a chemical reaction called hydration creates a semi-solid paste. This paste includes combined water, making up approximately 23% of the cement's dry mass, and gel water, which fills minuscule voids known as gel pores, accounting for about 28% of the cement gel volume.
The balance of water to cement in the mix is...
125
Mortar01:29

Mortar

209
Mortar, a mixture of Portland cement, hydrated lime, sand, and water, is a crucial binding material in construction. Its primary function is to join masonry units together, filling gaps and ensuring a uniform distribution of weight across the structure. This helps in preventing potential weaknesses. Mortar also serves as a protective barrier against environmental elements such as water and wind, thereby safeguarding the interior of the structure. It also compensates for surface irregularities...
209

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Chitosan-Cement Composite Mortars: Exploring Interactions, Structural Evolution, Environmental Footprint and

Haci Baykara1, Ariel Riofrio2,3, Natividad Garcia-Troncoso4,5

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This study explored using chitosan from shrimp shells in cement mortars. Chitosan slightly improved midterm strength and affected hydration, offering a sustainable construction alternative.

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Civil Engineering
  • Environmental Science

Background:

  • Growing environmental concerns regarding synthetic polymers in construction necessitate sustainable alternatives.
  • Biodegradable fibers offer potential for eco-friendly cementitious composites.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the impact of chitosan particle concentration on the midterm compressive strength of mortars.
  • To assess the feasibility of using chitosan as a sustainable reinforcement in cementitious materials.

Main Methods:

  • Chitosan particles from shrimp shells were incorporated into high early strength hydraulic cement and silica sand at varying percentages (0-2 wt %).
  • Mortar samples were prepared and tested for midterm compressive strength.
  • A life cycle assessment (LCA) was conducted to evaluate environmental impacts.

Main Results:

  • Chitosan inclusion slightly improved midterm mechanical properties of the mortars.
  • Chitosan affected the cement hydration process and slowed it down.
  • Life cycle assessment indicated a minor increase in greenhouse gas emissions and embodied energy for chitosan-modified mortars.

Conclusions:

  • Chitosan shows potential as a sustainable additive in cementitious composites, with slight improvements in midterm mechanical properties.
  • The use of chitosan in mortars does not significantly compromise resistance-mechanical properties.
  • Further research is needed to optimize chitosan use for high-performance, early strength cement applications, contributing to a sustainable construction industry.