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SARS-CoV-2 humoral immunity in people living with HIV-1

Boitumelo M Motsoeneng1, Jinal N Bhiman1, Simone I Richardson1

  • 1South African Medical Research Council Antibody Immunity Research Unit, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa; HIV Virology Section, Centre for HIV and STIs, National Institute for Communicable Diseases of the National Health Laboratory Services, Johannesburg, South Africa.

Trends in Immunology
|June 18, 2024
PubMed

Insights

Investigating COVID-19 vaccine effectiveness and immune responses in people living with HIV-1 (PLWH) in Africa is crucial. This research highlights gaps in understanding SARS-CoV-2 impacts on immunocompromised populations.

Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Virology
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Immunocompromised individuals, particularly people living with HIV-1 (PLWH), face significant risks from COVID-19, especially in Africa.
  • Understanding SARS-CoV-2 infection and vaccination responses in PLWH compared to people without HIV-1 (PWOH) is critical.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To examine COVID-19 vaccine effectiveness in PLWH.
  • To understand antibody responses to SARS-CoV-2 infection and vaccination in PLWH versus PWOH.
  • To assess the impact of prior immunity to endemic coronaviruses on SARS-CoV-2 responses in PLWH.

Main Methods:

  • Comparative analysis of immune responses (antibody levels, vaccine effectiveness).
  • Assessment of pre-existing immunity against endemic human coronaviruses.
  • Review of persistent SARS-CoV-2 infection consequences in immunocompromised individuals.

Main Results:

  • Key areas requiring further investigation identified regarding COVID-19 in PLWH.
  • Potential impact of endemic coronavirus immunity on SARS-CoV-2 responses explored.
  • Consequences of persistent infection, including shedding and viral diversity, discussed.

Conclusions:

  • Further research is essential to address COVID-19 challenges in immunocompromised populations, especially PLWH in Africa.
  • Understanding SARS-CoV-2 evolution and persistent infection dynamics in Africa is crucial for public health strategies.

Keywords:
COVID-19Fc effector functionSARS-CoV-2 infectionSARS-CoV-2 vaccinationhumoral immunityimmunocompromisedintrahost diversityneutralizationpeople living with HIV-1persistent infectionprolonged SARS-CoV-2 sheddingvariants of concernviral evolution

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