Cellular and Genomic Instability Induced by the Herbicide Glufosinate-Ammonium: An In Vitro and In Vivo Approach

Area of Science:

• Environmental Toxicology
• Genetics
• Ecotoxicology

Background:

• Glufosinate-ammonium (GLA) is an organophosphate herbicide with widespread environmental release.
• Concerns exist regarding its potential genotoxic and cellular effects, yet research is limited.
• Understanding GLA's impact on non-target organisms and human cells is crucial.

Purpose of the Study:

• To evaluate the genotoxicity of GLA on human lymphocytes and *Lymnaea stagnalis* hemocytes.
• To assess the cytotoxic effects of GLA on cell proliferation.
• To investigate the impact of GLA on the reproductive health and growth of *Lymnaea stagnalis*.

Main Methods:

• In vitro and in vivo micronucleus assays were performed on cultured human lymphocytes and *L. stagnalis* hemocytes.
• Six different concentrations of GLA, ranging from 0.010 to 0.500 µg/mL, were tested.
• Cell proliferation, egg production, and body growth in *L. stagnalis* were also measured.

Main Results:

• GLA significantly increased micronuclei frequency in human lymphocytes at concentrations ≥ 0.100 µg/mL and in *L. stagnalis* hemocytes at concentrations ≥ 0.200 µg/mL.
• A significant reduction in cell proliferation was observed across most tested GLA concentrations.
• Reduced egg laying and body growth were noted in *L. stagnalis* exposed to GLA.

Conclusions:

• GLA induces genomic and cellular damage in both human lymphocytes and *L. stagnalis* hemocytes.
• The herbicide exhibits cytotoxic effects, impairing cell proliferation.
• GLA negatively affects the reproductive health and growth of *L. stagnalis*, highlighting its ecotoxicological risks.