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Related Concept Videos

Glaucoma: Overview01:25

Glaucoma: Overview

541
Glaucoma is an eye condition characterized by increased intraocular pressure that damages the retina and optic nerve, leading to irreversible blindness if left untreated. The human eye has various components, including the cornea, iris, pupil, lens, and optic nerve. Aqueous humor is secreted by the epithelium of the ciliary body in the posterior chamber and flows through the trabecular meshwork and canal of Schlemm, maintaining normal intraocular pressure. The trabecular meshwork and the canal...
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Open Angle Glaucoma: Treatment01:27

Open Angle Glaucoma: Treatment

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In open-angle glaucoma, the iridocorneal angle remains open, but the trabecular meshwork becomes stiff, slowing down the outflow of aqueous humor. This causes a buildup of aqueous humor in the anterior chamber, leading to a sudden increase in intraocular pressure. The treatment for open-angle glaucoma focuses on reducing the elevated intraocular pressure by either decreasing the secretion of aqueous humor or increasing its outflow.
Drugs such as carbonic anhydrase inhibitors, α2- and...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 23, 2025

Conjunctival Commensal Isolation and Identification in Mice
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Exploring the Ocular Surface Microbiome and Tear Proteome in Glaucoma.

Livia Spörri1, Anne-Christine Uldry2, Marco Kreuzer3

  • 1Department of Ophthalmology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, 3010 Bern, Switzerland.

International Journal of Molecular Sciences
|June 19, 2024
PubMed
Summary

Glaucoma patients show distinct tear protein profiles, particularly immune system proteins, compared to healthy individuals. While the ocular surface microbiome (OSM) differences were minor, the tear proteome may offer new therapeutic targets for glaucoma.

Keywords:
glaucomaliquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometryocular surface microbiometear proteomewhole-metagenome shotgun sequencing

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Area of Science:

  • Ophthalmology
  • Microbiology
  • Immunology

Background:

  • Glaucoma is a leading cause of irreversible blindness globally.
  • Current understanding of glaucoma pathogenesis is incomplete, with intraocular pressure (IOP) as the primary modifiable risk factor.
  • Emerging research suggests links between the gut microbiome and glaucoma, and the ocular surface microbiome (OSM) and tear proteome may also be involved.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To identify characteristic features of the ocular surface microbiome (OSM) and tear proteins in glaucoma patients.
  • To investigate potential differences in OSM composition and tear protein profiles between glaucoma patients and healthy controls.

Main Methods:

  • Whole-metagenome shotgun sequencing was performed on 32 conjunctival swabs.
  • Analysis focused on identifying dominant bacterial phyla and species within the OSM.
  • Tear protein analysis was conducted to compare profiles between glaucoma patients and controls.

Main Results:

  • Actinobacteria, Firmicutes, and Proteobacteria were the dominant phyla in the conjunctival microbiome.
  • The species *Corynebacterium mastitidis* was exclusively found in healthy controls.
  • Glaucoma patients exhibited an enrichment of tear proteins associated with the immune system compared to controls, despite minor OSM differences.

Conclusions:

  • The tear proteome, particularly immune-related proteins, appears more significantly altered in glaucoma than the OSM.
  • Immunological processes may play a crucial role in glaucoma pathogenesis.
  • These findings suggest potential for novel therapeutic strategies targeting the tear proteome for glaucoma and related diseases.