Association between Metabolic-Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease and Hepatic Cancer: Current Concepts and...

Area of Science:

• Hepatology
• Oncology
• Gastroenterology

Background:

• Metabolic-dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) is increasingly recognized as a predisposing condition for hepatic cancer.
• Existing research indicates a link between MASLD and liver cancer development, necessitating further investigation into global data.

Purpose of the Study:

• To systematically review and synthesize recent global data on the association between MASLD and hepatic cancer incidence.
• To evaluate the role of liver fibrosis stage and MASLD severity as predictors of cancer risk.

Main Methods:

• Systematic review of longitudinal studies assessing the relationship between MASLD and hepatic cancer incidence.
• Analysis focused on fibrosis scores (e.g., FIB-4), hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) incidence, and other hepatic neoplasms.
• Inclusion of studies examining MASLD severity, comorbidities, and lifestyle factors as risk modifiers.

Main Results:

• Six studies revealed that advanced fibrosis in MASLD is an independent predictor of mortality and liver-related events.
• Elevated FIB-4 scores correlated with increased risk of HCC and cirrhosis; MASLD also linked to colorectal and breast cancers.
• MASLD severity, diabetes, and smoking were identified as modifiable risk factors for biliary tract cancer and other neoplasms.

Conclusions:

• A clear association exists between MASLD and an elevated risk of hepatic cancer, including HCC and other neoplasms.
• Liver fibrosis stage is a critical determinant of cancer risk in MASLD patients.
• Screening for hepatic cancer is recommended for MASLD patients, especially those with advanced fibrosis or other risk factors.