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Cellular Transformation by Human Cytomegalovirus.

Georges Herbein1,2

  • 1Department Pathogens & Inflammation-EPILAB EA4266, University of Franche-Comté (UFC), 25000 Besançon, France.

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Summary

Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV), previously considered benign, is now recognized as an oncovirus. New findings highlight its role in cancer development and shaping the tumor microenvironment.

Keywords:
HCMVPGCCscytomegalovirushallmarks of cancerhigh-risk HCMVoncogenesisoncomodulationoncoviruses

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Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Virology
  • Cancer Biology

Background:

  • Seven human oncoviruses (EBV, KSHV, HPV, HBV, HCV, HTLV-1, MCPyV) are established oncogenic viruses.
  • Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) is traditionally viewed as a benign virus but has recently been linked to various cancers.
  • This challenges the conventional understanding of HCMV's role in human health and disease.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To define the biological criteria supporting HCMV's oncogenic role.
  • To present new findings implicating HCMV in cellular transformation and tumor microenvironment modulation.
  • To position HCMV alongside other known human oncoviruses based on its oncogenic potential.

Main Methods:

  • This is a perspective article, relying on the synthesis of existing literature and new findings.
  • It involves defining biological criteria for oncogenic viral roles.
  • Analysis of recent research on HCMV's involvement in cancer pathogenesis.

Main Results:

  • HCMV exhibits characteristics aligning with established human oncoviruses.
  • Evidence suggests HCMV actively contributes to cellular transformation processes.
  • HCMV plays a role in modeling the tumor microenvironment, similar to other oncoviruses.

Conclusions:

  • HCMV should be recognized as a significant human oncovirus.
  • Its involvement in cancer pathogenesis warrants further investigation.
  • Understanding HCMV's oncogenic mechanisms is crucial for developing targeted cancer therapies.