Synergistic Modulation of Sn-Based Perovskite Solar Cells with Crystallization and Interface Engineering

A high-quality Sn-based perovskite absorption layer and effective carrier transport are the basis for high-performance Sn-based perovskite solar cells. The suppression of Sn²⁺ oxidation and rapid crystallization is the key to obtaining high-quality Sn-based perovskite film. And interface engineering is an effective strategy to enhance carrier extraction and transport. In this work, tin fluoride (SnF₂) was introduced to the perovskite precursor solution, which can effectively modulate the crystallization and morphology of Sn-based perovskite layer. Furthermore, the hole-transporting layer of PEDOT:PSS was modified with CsI to enhance the hole extraction and transport. As a result, the fabricated inverted Sn-based perovskite solar cells demonstrated a power conversion efficiency of 7.53% with enhanced stability.