Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Infrared (IR) Spectroscopy: Overview01:09

Infrared (IR) Spectroscopy: Overview

1.6K
When electromagnetic radiation passes through a material, atoms or molecules transition from a lower to a higher energy state by absorbing radiation corresponding to the energy difference between the two states. The absorption of infrared (IR) radiation causes transitions between vibrational energy levels in a molecule. Therefore, IR spectroscopy is a useful analytical tool for determining the molecular structure of molecules.
Different compounds display unique properties due to their...
1.6K
IR Frequency Region: Fingerprint Region01:03

IR Frequency Region: Fingerprint Region

858
IR spectra are divided into two main regions: the diagnostic region and the fingerprint region. The diagnostic region of the spectrum lies above 1500 cm−1. The absorptions resulting from single-bond vibrations of the N–H, C–H, and O–H stretch at higher wavenumbers and appear on the left side of the spectrum. The stretching absorptions of the C≡C and C≡N occur between 2100–2300 cm−1. In contrast, those arising from stretching absorptions of the...
858
IR Spectrometers01:25

IR Spectrometers

1.1K
There are two main infrared (IR) spectrophotometers: dispersive IR spectrometers and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrometers. In a dispersive IR spectrometer, a beam of infrared radiation produced by a hot wire is divided into two parallel equal-intensity beams using mirrors. One beam passes through the sample, while another is a reference beam. The beams then move through the monochromator, which separates the radiations into a continuous spectrum of different frequencies. The...
1.1K
IR Spectrum01:19

IR Spectrum

999
When infrared (IR) radiation passes through a molecule, the bonds stretch or bend by absorbing the radiation. This absorption creates the molecule's absorption spectrum, which is the plot of its percentage transmittance versus wavenumber.
Transmittance is defined as the ratio of the radiant power passing through a sample to that from the radiation's source. Multiplying the transmittance by 100 gives the percent transmittance (%T), which varies between 100% (no absorption) and 0%...
999
Operational Amplifiers01:17

Operational Amplifiers

949
The operational amplifier, often referred to as an op-amp, is a multifaceted building block of a circuit. This electronic component functions like a voltage-controlled voltage source and can also be used to create a voltage- or current-controlled current source. The design of an operational amplifier enables it to execute mathematical operations when external components like resistors and capacitors are linked to its terminals. An op-amp has the capacity to sum signals, amplify a signal,...
949

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

<i>Lactobacillus acidophilus</i> protects against <i>Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis</i> infection by regulating the autophagy of macrophages and maintaining gut microbiota homeostasis in C57BL/6 mice.

mSystems·2024
Same author

Morphology Control of Zr-Based Luminescent Metal-Organic Frameworks for Aflatoxin B1 Detection.

Biosensors·2024
Same author

Achieving a solar-to-chemical efficiency of 3.6% in ambient conditions by inhibiting interlayer charges transport.

Nature communications·2024
Same author

Identifying Factors Affecting the Survival of Patients with HIV-Associated B-Cell Lymphoma Using a Random Survival Forest Model.

Clinical Medicine Insights. Oncology·2024
Same author

Enhancing postoperative analgesia in open orthopedic surgery through acupoint catgut embedding.

Chinese medical journal·2024
Same author

A Synergetic Pore Compartmentalization and Hydrophobization Strategy for Synchronously Boosting the Stability and Activity of Enzyme.

Journal of the American Chemical Society·2024

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 23, 2025

Infrared Degenerate Four-wave Mixing with Upconversion Detection for Quantitative Gas Sensing
10:42

Infrared Degenerate Four-wave Mixing with Upconversion Detection for Quantitative Gas Sensing

Published on: March 22, 2019

6.2K

A 14-Bit Hybrid Analog-to-Digital Converter for Infrared Focal Plane Array Digital Readout Integrated Circuit.

Douming Hu1, Libin Yao1, Nan Chen1

  • 1Kunming Institute of Physics, Kunming 650223, China.

Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)
|June 19, 2024
PubMed
Summary

This study introduces a 14-bit hybrid analog-to-digital converter (ADC) for infrared focal plane arrays, improving power and speed. The novel design combines successive approximation register (SAR) and single-slope (SS) ADCs for efficient, high-performance digital imaging.

Keywords:
DROICSAR ADCSS ADChybrid ADCinfrared FPA

More Related Videos

Characterization of SiN Integrated Optical Phased Arrays on a Wafer-Scale Test Station
05:57

Characterization of SiN Integrated Optical Phased Arrays on a Wafer-Scale Test Station

Published on: April 1, 2020

8.0K
Fabrication of Flexible Image Sensor Based on Lateral NIPIN Phototransistors
09:59

Fabrication of Flexible Image Sensor Based on Lateral NIPIN Phototransistors

Published on: June 23, 2018

7.8K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 23, 2025

Infrared Degenerate Four-wave Mixing with Upconversion Detection for Quantitative Gas Sensing
10:42

Infrared Degenerate Four-wave Mixing with Upconversion Detection for Quantitative Gas Sensing

Published on: March 22, 2019

6.2K
Characterization of SiN Integrated Optical Phased Arrays on a Wafer-Scale Test Station
05:57

Characterization of SiN Integrated Optical Phased Arrays on a Wafer-Scale Test Station

Published on: April 1, 2020

8.0K
Fabrication of Flexible Image Sensor Based on Lateral NIPIN Phototransistors
09:59

Fabrication of Flexible Image Sensor Based on Lateral NIPIN Phototransistors

Published on: June 23, 2018

7.8K

Area of Science:

  • Electrical Engineering
  • Mixed-Signal Integrated Circuits
  • Sensor Technology

Background:

  • Digital infrared focal plane arrays (IRFPAs) require high-performance analog-to-digital converters (ADCs) for accurate imaging.
  • Existing ADCs often face limitations in power consumption and speed, hindering the development of compact, high-resolution IRFPAs.
  • The need for efficient quantization techniques in multi-bit ADCs for reduced capacitor count and relaxed matching requirements is critical.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To present a novel 14-bit hybrid column-parallel ADC designed for digital IRFPAs.
  • To address power and speed compromises in existing ADC architectures for IRFPAs.
  • To reduce the number of unit capacitors and relax capacitor array matching for improved manufacturability in small pixel-pitch IRFPAs.

Main Methods:

  • A two-phase hybrid ADC architecture combining a 7-bit successive approximation register (SAR) ADC for coarse quantization and a 7-bit single-slope (SS) ADC for fine quantization.
  • Implementation of a tradeoff segmented thermometer-coded digital-to-analog converter (DAC) for the coarse quantization stage.
  • Sharing of DAC and comparator analog circuits between the SAR and SS ADCs to minimize power consumption and layout area.

Main Results:

  • Achieved a differential nonlinearity (DNL) of -0.61/+0.84 LSB and a sampling rate of 120 kS/s.
  • Demonstrated a temporal noise of 1.7 LSBrms at 77 K, with a signal-to-noise and distortion ratio (SNDR) of 72.9 dB and an effective number of bits (ENOB) of 11.82 bits.
  • Fabricated using a 180 nm CMOS process, the hybrid ADC exhibits a total power consumption of 71 μW.

Conclusions:

  • The proposed 14-bit hybrid ADC effectively enhances power and speed performance for digital IRFPAs.
  • The hybrid architecture and segmented DAC contribute to improved linearity and relaxed capacitor matching, enabling non-calibration.
  • This design offers a compact and power-efficient solution for advanced IRFPAs, particularly those with small pixel pitches.