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Printing Thermoresponsive Reverse Molds for the Creation of Patterned Two-component Hydrogels for 3D Cell Culture
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Extrusion-based 3D printing of soft active materials.

Jiayu Zhao1, Xiao Li2, Donghwan Ji1

  • 1Aiiso Yufeng Li Family Department of Chemical and Nano Engineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA. j3bae@ucsd.edu.

Chemical Communications (Cambridge, England)
|June 19, 2024
PubMed
Summary

3D printing of active materials, both synthetic and living, enables complex structures with programmable responses. Recent advances focus on novel inks and designs for shape morphing and light emission, alongside engineering living materials for stimuli reactions.

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Biotechnology
  • Additive Manufacturing

Background:

  • Active materials respond to external stimuli, found in nature and synthetic systems like hydrogels.
  • Extrusion-based 3D printing allows intricate designs with programmed compositions and architectures in soft active materials.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To summarize recent advancements in extrusion-based 3D printing of active materials.
  • To highlight innovations in synthetic and living active materials for enhanced functionality.
  • To discuss future challenges and prospects in the field.

Main Methods:

  • Review of recent literature on extrusion-based 3D printing of active materials.
  • Focus on emerging ink formulations and architectural designs.
  • Exploration of strategies for engineering living materials with genetically encoded responses.

Main Results:

  • Emerging inks and designs enable programmable properties, including complex shape morphing.
  • Controllable light-emitting patterns are achievable through advanced printing techniques.
  • Strategies for engineering living materials that respond to environmental stimuli are presented.

Conclusions:

  • Extrusion-based 3D printing is a powerful tool for fabricating advanced synthetic and living active materials.
  • Programmable shape morphing and light emission are key applications.
  • Further integration of chemistry, modeling, and engineering is crucial for future progress.