Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Higher Mental Functions of Brain: Learning and Memory01:26

Higher Mental Functions of Brain: Learning and Memory

736
Memory is one of the most vital higher mental functions of the brain. Memory is closely related to learning because it enables us to retain information and experiences from our past to use them in our present life. It also helps us to remember facts, events, and skills, such as riding a bike or swimming. There are two types of memory — declarative memory, which involves memorizing facts or events, and procedural memory, which enables us to remember how to do something like writing or...
736
Long-term Potentiation01:35

Long-term Potentiation

55.1K
Long-term potentiation, or LTP, is one of the ways by which synaptic plasticity—changes in the strength of chemical synapses—can occur in the brain. LTP is the process of synaptic strengthening that occurs over time between pre- and postsynaptic neuronal connections. The synaptic strengthening of LTP works in opposition to the synaptic weakening of long-term depression (LTD) and together are the main mechanisms that underlie learning and memory.
55.1K
Long-Term Memory01:18

Long-Term Memory

146
Long-term memory is a relatively permanent type of memory, capable of storing vast amounts of information over extended periods. Its storage capacity is generally considered unlimited.
Long-term memory can be categorized into two primary types: explicit and implicit memory. Explicit memory, also known as declarative memory, involves the conscious recollection of information that we deliberately try to remember, recall, and articulate. This type of memory encompasses specific facts, events, and...
146
Hierarchy of Motor Control01:18

Hierarchy of Motor Control

2.6K
The hierarchy of motor control refers to the different levels of organization and processing involved in controlling movement in the body. These levels range from higher cortical areas involved in planning and decision-making to lower spinal cord reflexes that respond automatically to external stimuli.
2.6K
Neural Circuits01:25

Neural Circuits

1.1K
Neural circuits and neuronal pools are two of the main structures found in the nervous system. Neural circuits are networks of neurons that work together to carry out a specific task or process. They consist of interconnected neurons and glial cells, which provide structural and metabolic support.
Neuronal pools are collections of nerve cells with similar functions and interact through chemical and electrical signals. These pools include both interneurons (the central neural circuit nodes that...
1.1K
Storage01:23

Storage

83
A schema is a mental framework that helps individuals organize and interpret information. Schemata, formed from previous experiences, influence how we process new information: how we encode it, the inferences we make, and how we retrieve it. For instance, a schema for what a typical classroom looks like might include desks, a teacher's desk, a whiteboard, and students in such an environment. This expectation helps us quickly understand and navigate new classrooms without needing to analyze...
83

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Functional reorganization of motor cortex connectivity during learning.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2026
Same author

Neural dynamics outside task-coding dimensions drive decision trajectories through transient amplification.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2025
Same author

Motor Cortical Output Integrates Distorted Proprioceptive Feedback.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2025
Same author

Connectivity underlying motor cortex activity during goal-directed behaviour.

Nature·2025
Same author

Brain-wide analysis reveals movement encoding structured across and within brain areas.

Nature neuroscience·2025
Same author

Active learning of neural population dynamics using two-photon holographic optogenetics.

Advances in neural information processing systems·2025
Same journal

Genetic Impacts on Variability of Body Fat Distribution Uncover Gene-Environment and Gene-Gene Interactions.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2026
Same journal

16S ribosomal RNA modification drives transcript-specific translation efficiency.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2026
Same journal

FlcE latches onto the FliL-stator complex to turbocharge flagellar motility in <i>Borrelia burgdorferi</i>.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2026
Same journal

Synaptic pruning, myelination and the emergence of psychiatric disorders in late adolescence.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2026
Same journal

Structural and functional insights into the Rcs phosphorelay.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2026
Same journal

The structural basis of RanGAP1 regulation and catalysis in nuclear transport.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 23, 2025

Closed-loop Neuro-robotic Experiments to Test Computational Properties of Neuronal Networks
11:18

Closed-loop Neuro-robotic Experiments to Test Computational Properties of Neuronal Networks

Published on: March 2, 2015

10.3K

A combinatorial neural code for long-term motor memory.

Jae-Hyun Kim, Kayvon Daie, Nuo Li

    Biorxiv : the Preprint Server for Biology
    |June 19, 2024
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    New motor skills are learned without erasing old ones by creating context-specific memories in the brain. This protects existing motor memories during continual learning.

    More Related Videos

    Study Motor Skill Learning by Single-pellet Reaching Tasks in Mice
    06:04

    Study Motor Skill Learning by Single-pellet Reaching Tasks in Mice

    Published on: March 4, 2014

    21.0K
    A Fully Automated Rodent Conditioning Protocol for Sensorimotor Integration and Cognitive Control Experiments
    09:43

    A Fully Automated Rodent Conditioning Protocol for Sensorimotor Integration and Cognitive Control Experiments

    Published on: April 15, 2014

    10.6K

    Related Experiment Videos

    Last Updated: Jun 23, 2025

    Closed-loop Neuro-robotic Experiments to Test Computational Properties of Neuronal Networks
    11:18

    Closed-loop Neuro-robotic Experiments to Test Computational Properties of Neuronal Networks

    Published on: March 2, 2015

    10.3K
    Study Motor Skill Learning by Single-pellet Reaching Tasks in Mice
    06:04

    Study Motor Skill Learning by Single-pellet Reaching Tasks in Mice

    Published on: March 4, 2014

    21.0K
    A Fully Automated Rodent Conditioning Protocol for Sensorimotor Integration and Cognitive Control Experiments
    09:43

    A Fully Automated Rodent Conditioning Protocol for Sensorimotor Integration and Cognitive Control Experiments

    Published on: April 15, 2014

    10.6K

    Area of Science:

    • Neuroscience
    • Motor Learning
    • Memory Consolidation

    Background:

    • Stable retention of motor skills is crucial, but neural mechanisms for long-term storage are unclear.
    • Understanding how new motor learning impacts existing memories is vital for lifelong skill acquisition.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate the neural mechanisms of stable motor memory storage.
    • To determine how existing motor memories are maintained during continuous new skill acquisition.

    Main Methods:

    • Utilized automated home-cage training for a continual learning paradigm in mice.
    • Employed chronic two-photon imaging of motor cortex activity for up to 6 months.
    • Tracked neural representations of learned actions across lifespan and learning contexts.

    Main Results:

    • Learned actions were stably retained in motor memory, protected by context.
    • New motor learning in different contexts created parallel, distinct neural representations.
    • Existing memories were not erased but retained alongside new ones, reactivated upon re-exposure to the original context.

    Conclusions:

    • Context-specific motor memories provide a mechanism for stable memory storage during continual learning.
    • Parallel neural representations in the motor cortex protect existing skills from erasure.
    • This suggests a strategy for preserving motor repertoire throughout life.