Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 23, 2025

Physical Activity Measurement in Children Accepting Table Tennis Training
06:51

Physical Activity Measurement in Children Accepting Table Tennis Training

Published on: July 27, 2022

1.9K

Indoxyl Sulfate Contributes to Impaired Height Velocity in (Pre)School Children

Evelien Snauwaert1, Stefanie De Buyser2, Wim Van Biesen3

  • 1Department of Pediatric Nephrology, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium.

Kidney International Reports
|June 20, 2024
PubMed

Insights

Indoxyl sulfate, a uremic toxin, is linked to reduced height velocity in preschool-aged children with chronic kidney disease (CKD). This association was not observed in pubertal children with CKD.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Nephrology
  • Endocrinology
  • Metabolic Disorders

Background:

  • Childhood chronic kidney disease (CKD) is associated with significant growth failure.
  • A chronic proinflammatory state, potentially driven by uremic toxins, is implicated in the pathophysiology of growth failure.
  • Understanding the specific role of uremic toxins in growth impairment is crucial for effective management.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the association between uremic toxin concentrations and height velocity in a pediatric CKD cohort.
  • To differentiate the impact of uremic toxins on growth between pre-pubertal and pubertal children with CKD.

Main Methods:

  • A prospective, multicentric observational study involving children aged 0-18 years with CKD stages 1-5D.
  • Uremic toxin levels and clinical growth parameters were assessed every 3 months for up to 2 years.
  • Linear mixed-effects models were used to analyze the association between toxin levels and height velocity, controlling for relevant covariates.

Main Results:

  • In pre-school aged children (2-12 years), a 10% increase in indoxyl sulfate (IxS) concentration was associated with a 0.002 SDS/yr decrease in height velocity (P < 0.05).
  • This association remained significant after adjusting for CKD stage, growth hormone, bicarbonate, and dietary protein intake.
  • No significant association between uremic toxin concentrations and height velocity was found in pubertal children (>12 years).

Conclusions:

  • Indoxyl sulfate (IxS) is a key uremic toxin contributing to reduced height velocity in pre-school aged children with CKD.
  • The impact of uremic toxins on growth velocity appears to differ between pre-pubertal and pubertal stages in pediatric CKD.
  • Further research may elucidate mechanisms and therapeutic targets for growth failure in pediatric CKD.
Abstract

Keywords:
childchronic kidney diseasedialysisgrowth failureinflammationuremic toxins

More Related Videos

Assessment of Child Anthropometry in a Large Epidemiologic Study09:36

Assessment of Child Anthropometry in a Large Epidemiologic Study

Published on: February 2, 2017

27.1K
Determining Soil-transmitted Helminth Infection Status and Physical Fitness of School-aged Children10:57

Determining Soil-transmitted Helminth Infection Status and Physical Fitness of School-aged Children

Published on: August 22, 2012

23.5K

Related Concept Videos

Nature and Nurture01:10

Nature and Nurture

Many human characteristics, like height, are shaped by both nature—in other words, by our genes—and by nurture, or our environment. For example, chronic stress during childhood inhibits the production of growth hormones and consequently reduces bone growth and height. Scientists estimate that 70-90% of variation in height is due to genetic differences among individuals, and 10-30% of variation in height is due to differences in the environments that individuals experience,...
20.4K
Environmental Influences on Intelligence01:29

Environmental Influences on Intelligence

Despite the strong genetic influence on traits like intelligence, environmental factors significantly shape outcomes. For example, while over 90% of height variation is due to genetic differences, environmental factors such as nutrition also have a notable impact. Similarly, for intelligence, changes in a child's surroundings can significantly alter their IQ. Research shows that enriched environments boost children's academic success and help them develop key cognitive skills. Children...
273
Factors Affecting Drug Response: Overview01:21

Factors Affecting Drug Response: Overview

When it comes to infants and young children, they are typically administered smaller doses of medication in comparison to adults. This is primarily because their organ functions still need to fully develop, meaning their bodies are not as efficient at metabolizing or eliminating drugs. Additionally, their blood-brain barrier is more permeable than in adults. As a result, high concentrations of drugs can easily penetrate the central nervous system (CNS), potentially leading to neurological...
2.0K
Nonlinear Pharmacokinetics: Dependence of Elimination Half-Life and Dose Clearance01:23

Nonlinear Pharmacokinetics: Dependence of Elimination Half-Life and Dose Clearance

The elimination half-life and drug clearance of drugs following nonlinear kinetics can vary with dosage. The Michaelis-Menten parameters and drug concentration influence these factors. As the dose increases, the elimination half-life tends to lengthen, resulting in a reduction in clearance and a disproportionately larger area under the curve. The total clearance can be derived from the Michaelis-Menten equation for drugs following a one-compartment model.
A study on guinea pigs examined the...
120
Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder01:30

Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder

Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by persistent inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity. It affects approximately 5-8% of children globally, with around 60-70% of cases persisting into adulthood. ADHD has significant implications for educational attainment, social interactions, and occupational success.
Diagnostic Criteria and Symptoms
To diagnose ADHD, symptoms must manifest before age 12 and be evident across multiple settings....
55