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Postoperative cognitive dysfunction: a concept analysis
Hesam Aldin Varpaei1, Kousha Farhadi2, Mostafa Mohammadi3
1College of Nursing, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA. varpaeih@msu.edu.
Aging Clinical and Experimental Research
|June 20, 2024
Summary
Post-operative cognitive dysfunction (POCD) affects many surgical patients, with unclear definitions. This analysis refines POCD understanding, identifying risk factors and consequences for better clinical care.
Area of Science:
- Medical research
- Neuroscience
- Anesthesiology
Background:
- Post-operative cognitive dysfunction (POCD) is a significant clinical concern following general anesthesia, affecting 36.6%-42.4% of patients.
- Existing literature lacks conceptual clarity regarding POCD, necessitating a comprehensive analysis.
Purpose of the Study:
- To critically appraise and establish a definitive concept of POCD.
- To synthesize POCD attributes, risk factors, and consequences.
Main Methods:
- A PRISMA-guided, 6-step evolutionary concept analysis.
- Literature search across Medline, CINAHL, and Web of Science, yielding 86 articles.
Main Results:
- POCD involves transient, reversible cognitive changes across single or multiple domains after major surgery, lasting weeks to years.
- Consequences include impaired quality of life, labor force withdrawal, increased dependency, cognitive decline, dementia risk, higher costs, and mortality.
Conclusions:
- A refined definition and analysis of POCD are provided for researchers and clinicians.
- Further research is needed to operationalize POCD definitions, aligning them with core attributes.
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