Radiomics based on HRCT can predict RP-ILD and mortality in anti-MDA5 + dermatomyositis patients: a multi-center...

To assess the effectiveness of HRCT-based radiomics in predicting rapidly progressive interstitial lung disease (RP-ILD) and mortality in anti-MDA5 positive dermatomyositis-related interstitial lung disease (anti-MDA5 + DM-ILD).

From August 2014 to March 2022, 160 patients from Institution 1 were retrospectively and consecutively enrolled and were randomly divided into the training dataset (n = 119) and internal validation dataset (n = 41), while 29 patients from Institution 2 were retrospectively and consecutively enrolled as external validation dataset. We generated four Risk-scores based on radiomics features extracted from four areas of HRCT. A nomogram was established by integrating the selected clinico-radiologic variables and the Risk-score of the most discriminative radiomics model. The RP-ILD prediction performance of the models was evaluated by using the area under the receiver operating characteristic curves, calibration curves, and decision curves. Survival analysis was conducted with Kaplan-Meier curves, Mantel-Haenszel test, and Cox regression.

Over a median follow-up time of 31.6 months (interquartile range: 12.9-49.1 months), 24 patients lost to follow-up and 46 patients lost their lives (27.9%, 46/165). The Risk-score based on bilateral lungs performed best, attaining AUCs of 0.869 and 0.905 in the internal and external validation datasets. The nomogram outperformed clinico-radiologic model and Risk-score with AUCs of 0.882 and 0.916 in the internal and external validation datasets. Patients were classified into low- and high-risk groups with 50:50 based on nomogram. High-risk group patients demonstrated a significantly higher risk of mortality than low-risk group patients in institution 1 (HR = 4.117) and institution 2 cohorts (HR = 7.515).

For anti-MDA5 + DM-ILD, the nomogram, mainly based on radiomics, can predict RP-ILD and is an independent predictor of mortality.