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Related Concept Videos

Tumor Immunotherapy01:27

Tumor Immunotherapy

511
Immunotherapy is a treatment that boosts or manipulates the immune system to fight diseases, including cancer. For instance, by stimulating an immune response through vaccinations against viruses that cause cancers, like hepatitis B virus and human papillomavirus, these diseases can be prevented. Nonetheless, some cancer cells can avoid the immune system due to their rapid mutation and division. The immune response to many cancers involves three phases: elimination, equilibrium, and escape.
511
T Cell Activation and Clonal Selection01:22

T Cell Activation and Clonal Selection

701
T cells are integral to our adaptive immune system, recognizing and effectively responding to foreign antigens. T cell activation and clonal selection are pivotal in orchestrating this immune response. This article elucidates these mechanisms, detailing the roles of cluster of differentiation (CD) markers, major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules, costimulatory signals, and the process of clonal selection.
Naive T cells that have not yet encountered an antigen express two primary CD...
701
T Cell Types and Functions01:24

T Cell Types and Functions

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When T cells with CD4 markers are activated, they give rise to two types of effector cells: helper T cells and regulatory T cells. Meanwhile, T cells with CD8 markers differentiate into effector cytotoxic T cells. The differentiation of CD4 T cells into helper T cell subsets, such as Th1, Th2, and Th17 cells, is dependent on the antigen type, antigen-presenting cell, and regulatory cytokines.
Th1 cells stimulate dendritic cells to express necessary co-stimulatory molecules on their surfaces for...
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Cancer Vaccines01:30

Cancer Vaccines

352
Cancer treatment vaccines are a rapidly evolving field that offers a promising approach to immunotherapy. Unlike traditional vaccines that prevent diseases, cancer treatment vaccines are designed to treat existing cancers by stimulating the immune system to recognize and attack cancer cells.
Cancer vaccines come in two categories: preventive (prophylactic) and treatment (active). Preventive vaccines, such as the Human Papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine, protect against viruses that cause certain...
352
Cytotoxic T Cells-mediated Immune Response01:27

Cytotoxic T Cells-mediated Immune Response

889
Cytotoxic T cells are a vital component of the immune system. They have the remarkable ability to identify and target antigens on infected or abnormal cells. These antigens often originate from intracellular pathogens such as viruses or abnormal proteins cancer cells produce.
Immunological surveillance is the ability of immune cells to monitor and eliminate infected cells with intracellular pathogens, neoplastically transformed cells, and cells with non-self antigens. Cytotoxic T cells and NK...
889
Cancer Stem Cells and Tumor Maintenance02:40

Cancer Stem Cells and Tumor Maintenance

4.9K
Early diagnosis and treatment can often cure cancer. However, even with treatment, residual cells called cancer stem cells (CSC) might remain, often causing tumor recurrence. These cancer stem cells possess the potential for self-renewal and multi-lineage differentiation and are often responsible for the therapeutic resistance displayed in most cancers.
Cancer stem cells are thought to originate from tissue-specific normal stem cells or progenitor cells. The normal stem cells usually reside in...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 23, 2025

Experimental Melanoma Immunotherapy Model Using Tumor Vaccination with a Hematopoietic Cytokine
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Experimental Melanoma Immunotherapy Model Using Tumor Vaccination with a Hematopoietic Cytokine

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Dendritic cell subsets and implications for cancer immunotherapy.

Michael Y Chen1, Felicia Zhang1, Simon Peter Goedegebuure1,2

  • 1Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States.

Frontiers in Immunology
|June 21, 2024
PubMed
Summary

Dendritic cells (DCs) are crucial for anti-tumor immunity, but their function depends on context. Understanding DC subsets and their tumor microenvironment interactions is key for developing effective cancer immunotherapies.

Keywords:
antigen presentationcancer immune therapycancer vaccinationdendritic cell (DC)dendritic cell subtypesdendritic cell targetingdendritic cell vaccinetumor neoantigen

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Isolation Protocol of Mouse Monocyte-derived Dendritic Cells and Their Subsequent In Vitro Activation with Tumor Immune Complexes
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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Oncology
  • Cell Biology

Background:

  • Dendritic cells (DCs) are key regulators of T cell responses against tumors.
  • DC function is highly context-dependent, influenced by factors like DC type, location, and the tumor microenvironment.
  • Tumor immunity can be either promoted or inhibited by DCs.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the multifaceted roles of dendritic cells in tumor immunity.
  • To explore how DC subsets and phenotypes influence interactions within the tumor microenvironment.
  • To discuss the application of DC function in current cancer treatments and novel immunotherapies.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of dendritic cell function in cancer immunology.
  • Analysis of factors affecting DC behavior in the tumor microenvironment.
  • Survey of current and emerging immunotherapeutic strategies targeting DCs.

Main Results:

  • DC function is modulated by their subset, transcriptional state, location, and the surrounding inflammatory milieu.
  • Specific DC subsets and phenotypes can either enhance or suppress anti-tumor T cell responses.
  • The tumor microenvironment significantly shapes DC activity and their impact on tumor immunity.

Conclusions:

  • Harnessing the specific functions of dendritic cell subsets is critical for optimizing anti-tumor immunity.
  • Dendritic cell-based immunotherapies offer promising avenues for enhancing cancer treatment efficacy.
  • Further research into DC-tumor microenvironment crosstalk is essential for developing next-generation cancer therapies.