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3D-Printed Demineralized Bone Matrix-Based Conductive Scaffolds Combined with Electrical Stimulation for Bone Tissue

Damion T Dixon1, Erika N Landree2, Cheryl T Gomillion2

  • 1School of Environmental, Civil, Agricultural and Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, United States.

ACS Applied Bio Materials
|June 21, 2024
PubMed
Summary

New conductive composite scaffolds made from demineralized bone matrix and polycaprolactone enhance bone regeneration. Electrical stimulation combined with these smart biomaterials significantly boosts osteogenic differentiation of human mesenchymal stromal cells.

Keywords:
3D printingbone tissue engineeringconductive bone scaffoldsdemineralized bone matrixelectrical stimulationosteogenic differentiation

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Area of Science:

  • Biomaterials Science
  • Tissue Engineering
  • Biophysics

Background:

  • Bone remodeling relies on biophysical cues and cellular signaling.
  • Electrical synapses transmit signals in healthy bone.
  • Conductive scaffolds with electrical stimulation (ES) show promise for bone repair.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate 3D-printed, electrically conductive demineralized bone matrix (DBM) and polycaprolactone (PCL) composite scaffolds with ES for bone regeneration.
  • To assess the mechanical, surface, and electrical properties of the DBM/PCL scaffolds.
  • To determine the biocompatibility and osteogenic potential of the scaffolds using human mesenchymal stromal cells (hMSCs).

Main Methods:

  • Fabrication and characterization of 3D-printed DBM/PCL composite scaffolds.
  • Evaluation of mechanical properties (compressive modulus) and surface properties (roughness).
  • Assessment of electrical properties (sheet resistance).
  • Biocompatibility and osteogenic differentiation assays using hMSCs with and without ES.

Main Results:

  • DBM/PCL composites showed a higher compressive modulus (107.2 MPa) than PCL (62.02 MPa) and improved surface roughness.
  • Achieved sheet resistance as low as 4.77 × 10^5 Ω/sq.
  • Conductive DBM/PCL scaffolds with ES significantly enhanced hMSC osteogenic differentiation compared to controls.

Conclusions:

  • 3D-printed conductive DBM/PCL composite scaffolds are promising for bone tissue engineering.
  • Combining these scaffolds with electrical stimulation enhances osteogenic differentiation.
  • This approach offers potential for developing biomimetic hybrid scaffolds for bone regeneration.