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Related Concept Videos

The Tumor Microenvironment02:17

The Tumor Microenvironment

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Every normal cell or tissue is embedded in a complex local environment called stroma, consisting of different cell types, a basal membrane, and blood vessels. As normal cells mutate and develop into cancer cells, their local environment also changes to allow cancer progression. The tumor microenvironment (TME) consists of a complex cellular matrix of stromal cells and the developing tumor. The cross-talk between cancer cells and surrounding stromal cells is critical to disrupt normal tissue...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Sep 12, 2025

Quantification of Breast Cancer Cell Invasiveness Using a Three-dimensional 3D Model
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3D In Vitro Models of Breast Cancer: Current Challenges and Future Prospects Toward Recapitulating the

Kyndra S Higgins1, Ah Joung Yu1, Cheryl T Gomillion1

  • 1School of Chemical, Materials and Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30602, USA.

Advanced Biology
|August 8, 2025
PubMed
Summary

Developing advanced breast cancer models is crucial for understanding metastasis and improving patient outcomes. These 3D in vitro models aid in discovering targeted therapies by mimicking the tumor microenvironment.

Keywords:
3D printingbiomaterialsbreast cancer metastasismicrofluidicstumor spheroid

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Mammary Epithelial and Endothelial Cell Spheroids as a Potential Functional In vitro Model for Breast Cancer Research
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Mammary Epithelial and Endothelial Cell Spheroids as a Potential Functional In vitro Model for Breast Cancer Research

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Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Cancer Research

Background:

  • Breast cancer causes significant global mortality, with metastasis being the primary driver of death.
  • Over 90% of breast cancer deaths stem from metastasis, highlighting the urgent need for better research models.
  • Current research necessitates physiologically relevant models of the primary tumor and metastatic sites.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review and highlight 3D in vitro models for studying breast cancer primary tumor environments.
  • To emphasize the importance of models that recapitulate the tumor microenvironment and cancer cell invasion.
  • To discuss the potential of these models in advancing breast cancer treatment strategies.

Main Methods:

  • Utilizing tumor spheroids to create three-dimensional cell cultures.
  • Employing 3D printed biomaterials to engineer tissue-like structures.
  • Leveraging microfluidic devices to simulate physiological conditions.
  • Focusing on models that study cell invasion and spread within mammary tissue.

Main Results:

  • A variety of 3D in vitro models effectively recapitulate aspects of the tumor microenvironment.
  • These models aid in understanding the sources of tumor heterogeneity and cell invasion.
  • Advanced models can be patient-specific, potentially reducing the need for human trials.

Conclusions:

  • Effective 3D in vitro models are essential for studying breast cancer metastasis.
  • These models facilitate the discovery of targeted therapeutics for breast cancer.
  • Improved in vitro modeling will advance clinical treatment strategies and patient survival rates.