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Olfaction regulates peripheral mitophagy and mitochondrial function.

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The olfactory system regulates mitochondrial stress responses. Silencing olfactory neurons triggers the unfolded protein response in mitochondria (UPRMT), enhancing pathogen resistance.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Cellular Biology
  • Mitochondrial Dynamics

Background:

  • The central nervous system regulates peripheral cellular stress responses, including the mitochondrial unfolded protein response (UPRMT).
  • The evolutionary context for this regulatory capability is unclear, though UPRMT is linked to infection and metabolic changes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate if the olfactory nervous system in *Caenorhabditis elegans* nonautonomously controls UPRMT.
  • To explore the role of olfactory signaling in cellular stress and organismal defense.

Main Methods:

  • Silencing of the AWC olfactory neuron pair in *C. elegans*.
  • Assessing UPRMT induction and oxidative phosphorylation levels.
  • Evaluating pathogen resistance to *Pseudomonas aeruginosa*.
  • Investigating the roles of serotonin signaling, parkin-mediated mitophagy, and the ATFS-1 transcription factor.

Main Results:

  • Silencing AWC neurons robustly induced UPRMT and reduced oxidative phosphorylation.
  • This effect was dependent on serotonin signaling and parkin-mediated mitophagy.
  • AWC neuron ablation conferred partial resistance to *P. aeruginosa*, dependent on UPRMT and mitophagy.
  • ATFS-1, a UPRMT transcription factor, was partially required for this resistance.

Conclusions:

  • The olfactory nervous system plays a role in regulating whole-organism mitochondrial dynamics.
  • This regulation may prepare the organism for metabolic stress or infection.
  • Olfactory control of UPRMT and mitophagy contributes to pathogen resistance.