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Active solids spontaneously actuate multiple soft floppy modes via stress propagation, even with noise. This research advances the design of adaptable living and robotic materials for complex movements.

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Area of Science:

  • Physics
  • Materials Science
  • Soft Matter Physics

Background:

  • Active solids, including cell collectives and active metamaterials, display complex collective behaviors like motion and shape change.
  • Understanding the nonlinear dynamics of these active materials is challenging, especially with zero-energy modes and inherent noise.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the dynamics of active solids with zero-energy modes and noise.
  • To elucidate the mechanisms behind spontaneous actuation and collective dynamics in these systems.

Main Methods:

  • Modeling active solids and analyzing stress propagation.
  • Employing an adiabatic approximation to simplify complex dynamics.
  • Mapping system dynamics to an effective Landau free energy.

Main Results:

  • Stress propagation spontaneously actuates multiple soft floppy modes, independent of vibrational modes.
  • The adiabatic approximation successfully predicts mode selection and the emergence of collective dynamics.
  • The effective Landau free energy framework captures the observed phenomena.

Conclusions:

  • Active solids can exhibit complex shape changes and locomotion through the actuation of soft floppy modes.
  • This work provides a theoretical framework for understanding and designing active materials with tunable collective behaviors.
  • The findings offer new avenues for developing advanced living and robotic materials.