Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Detection of Black Holes01:10

Detection of Black Holes

2.2K
Although black holes were theoretically postulated in the 1920s, they remained outside the domain of observational astronomy until the 1970s.
Their closest cousins are neutron stars, which are composed almost entirely of neutrons packed against each other, making them extremely dense. A neutron star has the same mass as the Sun but its diameter is only a few kilometers. Therefore, the escape velocity from their surface is close to the speed of light.
Not until the 1960s, when the first neutron...
2.2K
Schwarzschild Radius and Event Horizon01:21

Schwarzschild Radius and Event Horizon

2.0K
No object with a finite mass can travel faster than the speed of light in a vacuum. This fact has an interesting consequence in the domain of extremely high gravitational fields.
The minimum speed required to launch a projectile from the surface of an object to which it is gravitationally bound so that it eventually escapes the object’s gravitational field is called the escape velocity. The escape velocity is independent of the mass of the object. Merging the idea of escape...
2.0K
Atomic Radii and Effective Nuclear Charge03:08

Atomic Radii and Effective Nuclear Charge

51.5K
The elements in groups of the periodic table exhibit similar chemical behavior. This similarity occurs because the members of a group have the same number and distribution of electrons in their valence shells.
51.5K
Electric Field of Two Equal and Opposite Charges01:30

Electric Field of Two Equal and Opposite Charges

5.9K
Atoms generally contain the same number of positively and negatively charged particles, protons, and electrons. Hence, they are electrically neutral. However, the centers of the positive and negative charges do not always coincide. In such a scenario, the electric field of an atom may not be zero.
A separation of the positive and negative charges can lead to a weak, remnant effect of the positive and negative charges. The expectation is that the more the distance between the positive and...
5.9K
Electric Field of a Charged Disk01:23

Electric Field of a Charged Disk

2.1K
The simplest case of a surface charge distribution is the uniformly charged disk. Calculating its electric field also helps us calculate the electric field of a large plane of charge.
The system's symmetry is in the cylindrical directions across the plane of the charge. As a result, the electric fields created by various surface charge elements nullify each other in the direction parallel to the surface. Thereby, the resulting electric field is perpendicular to the plane. Since the disk is...
2.1K
The Pauli Exclusion Principle03:06

The Pauli Exclusion Principle

36.4K
The arrangement of electrons in the orbitals of an atom is called its electron configuration. We describe an electron configuration with a symbol that contains three pieces of information:
36.4K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Ultrahigh-Energy Neutrinos from Primordial Black Holes.

Physical review letters·2025
Same author

Protecting scientific integrity in an age of generative AI.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·2024
Same author

Nonlinear Dynamics of Preheating after Multifield Inflation with Nonminimal Couplings.

Physical review letters·2019
Same author

Cosmic Bell Test Using Random Measurement Settings from High-Redshift Quasars.

Physical review letters·2018
Same author

Cosmic Bell Test: Measurement Settings from Milky Way Stars.

Physical review letters·2017
Same author

Testing Bell's inequality with cosmic photons: closing the setting-independence loophole.

Physical review letters·2014

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 23, 2025

Setting Limits on Supersymmetry Using Simplified Models
07:46

Setting Limits on Supersymmetry Using Simplified Models

Published on: November 15, 2013

8.6K

Primordial Black Holes with QCD Color Charge.

Elba Alonso-Monsalve1, David I Kaiser1

  • 1Department of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA.

Physical Review Letters
|June 21, 2024
PubMed
Summary

Primordial black holes (PBHs) may have formed in the early Universe with a net color charge by absorbing quarks and gluons. This mechanism could explain their contribution to dark matter if they formed before the QCD confinement transition.

Area of Science:

  • Cosmology
  • Particle Physics
  • Astrophysics

Background:

  • Primordial black holes (PBHs) are hypothetical black holes formed in the early universe.
  • PBHs are a potential candidate for dark matter.
  • The Quantum Chromodynamics (QCD) confinement transition is a key event in the early universe.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To propose a realistic mechanism for the formation of PBHs with significant QCD color charge.
  • To investigate the implications of such colored PBHs for dark matter.
  • To estimate the abundance of near-extremal colored PBHs.

Main Methods:

  • Modeling PBH formation via absorption of unconfined quarks and gluons before QCD confinement.
  • Estimating the number density of colored PBHs per Hubble volume under various scenarios.

More Related Videos

Scalable Quantum Integrated Circuits on Superconducting Two-Dimensional Electron Gas Platform
05:39

Scalable Quantum Integrated Circuits on Superconducting Two-Dimensional Electron Gas Platform

Published on: August 2, 2019

9.6K
Enhanced Electron Injection and Exciton Confinement for Pure Blue Quantum-Dot Light-Emitting Diodes by Introducing Partially Oxidized Aluminum Cathode
10:41

Enhanced Electron Injection and Exciton Confinement for Pure Blue Quantum-Dot Light-Emitting Diodes by Introducing Partially Oxidized Aluminum Cathode

Published on: May 31, 2018

8.8K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 23, 2025

Setting Limits on Supersymmetry Using Simplified Models
07:46

Setting Limits on Supersymmetry Using Simplified Models

Published on: November 15, 2013

8.6K
Scalable Quantum Integrated Circuits on Superconducting Two-Dimensional Electron Gas Platform
05:39

Scalable Quantum Integrated Circuits on Superconducting Two-Dimensional Electron Gas Platform

Published on: August 2, 2019

9.6K
Enhanced Electron Injection and Exciton Confinement for Pure Blue Quantum-Dot Light-Emitting Diodes by Introducing Partially Oxidized Aluminum Cathode
10:41

Enhanced Electron Injection and Exciton Confinement for Pure Blue Quantum-Dot Light-Emitting Diodes by Introducing Partially Oxidized Aluminum Cathode

Published on: May 31, 2018

8.8K
  • Discussing potential phenomenological consequences of colored PBHs.

    • Main Results:

    • A mechanism is described for PBHs to acquire a net color charge by absorbing pre-confinement quarks and gluons.
    • The formation of colored PBHs is linked to the early universe and the QCD transition.
    • Estimates for the abundance of near-extremal colored PBHs are provided for different cosmological scenarios.

    Conclusions:

    • Colored PBHs represent a plausible formation channel in the early universe.
    • These PBHs could constitute a significant fraction of dark matter.
    • Further investigation into the phenomenological implications of colored PBHs is warranted.