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Gastrulation

Gastrulation

Gastrulation establishes the three primary tissues of an embryo: the ectoderm, mesoderm, and endoderm. This developmental process relies on a series of intricate cellular movements, which in humans transforms a flat, “bilaminar disc” composed of two cell sheets into a three-tiered structure. In the resulting embryo, the endoderm serves as the bottom layer, and stacked directly above it is the intermediate mesoderm, and then the uppermost ectoderm. Respectively, these tissue strata...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 23, 2025

Two-step Approach to Explore Early- and Late-stages of Organ Formation in the Avian Model: The Thymus and Parathyroid Glands Organogenesis Paradigm

Two-step Approach to Explore Early- and Late-stages of Organ Formation in the Avian Model: The Thymus and Parathyroid Glands Organogenesis Paradigm

Published on: June 17, 2018

Toward developing human organs via embryo models and chimeras.

Jun Wu¹, Jianping Fu²

¹Department of Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA; Hamon Center for Regenerative Science and Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA; Cecil H. and Ida Green Center for Reproductive Biology Sciences, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA.

|June 21, 2024

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Generating human organs from stem cells is challenging. New approaches like stem cell-based embryo models and interspecies organogenesis mimic natural development, offering future prospects for regenerative medicine.

Keywords:

blastocyst complementation extraembryonic endoderm cells hypoblast stem cells interspecies chimeras interspecies organogenesis organ engineering pluripotent stem cells stem cell-based embryo models trophoblast stem cells

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Published on: February 16, 2019

Area of Science:

Regenerative Medicine
Developmental Biology
Stem Cell Science

Background:

Developing functional human organs from stem cells is a key goal in regenerative medicine.
Current methods like tissue engineering, bioprinting, and organoids provide incomplete solutions.
Understanding early human development is crucial for guiding stem cell differentiation.

Purpose of the Study:

To explore stem cell-based embryo models and interspecies organogenesis as novel approaches for human organ generation.
To summarize current knowledge of early human development as a blueprint for organogenesis.
To identify technological and knowledge gaps hindering the development of functional human organs.

Main Methods:

Review of current literature on early human development.
Analysis of recent advances in stem cell-based embryo modeling.
Evaluation of progress in interspecies organogenesis research.

Main Results:

Stem cell-based embryo models and interspecies organogenesis show promise by mimicking natural developmental processes.
Significant technological and knowledge gaps remain before these methods can reliably generate human organs.
Both approaches face unique challenges in recapitulating complex organ formation.

Conclusions:

Stem cell-based embryo models and interspecies organogenesis represent promising avenues for future human organ generation.
Addressing identified gaps is essential for advancing these fields towards clinical applications.
Further research is needed for basic science and translational applications in regenerative medicine.