Robust Surfactant-Assisted One-Pot Sample Preparation for Label-Free Single-Cell and Nanoscale Proteomics

With advanced mass spectrometry (MS)-based proteomics, genome-scale proteome coverage can be achieved from bulk cells. However, such bulk measurement obscures cell-to-cell heterogeneity, precluding proteome profiling of single cells and small numbers of cells of interest. To address this issue, in the recent 5 years, there has been a surge of small sample preparation methods developed for robust and effective collection and processing of single cells and small numbers of cells for in-depth MS-based proteome profiling. Based on their broad accessibility, they can be categorized into two types: methods based on specific devices and those based on standard PCR tubes or multi-well plates. In this chapter, we describe the detailed protocol of our recently developed, easily adoptable, Surfactant-assisted One-Pot (SOP) sample preparation coupled with MS method termed SOP-MS for label-free single-cell and nanoscale proteomics. SOP-MS capitalizes on the combination of an MS-compatible surfactant, n-dodecyl-β-D-maltoside (DDM), and standard low-bind PCR tube or multi-well plate for "all-in-one" one-pot sample preparation without sample transfer. With its robust and convenient features, SOP-MS can be readily implemented in any MS laboratory for single-cell and nanoscale proteomics. With further improvements in MS detection sensitivity and sample throughput, we believe that SOP-MS could open an avenue for single-cell proteomics with broad applicability in biological and biomedical research.