New objective simple evaluation methods of amyloid PET/CT using whole-brain histogram and Top20%-Map

This study aims to assess the utility of newly developed objective methods for the evaluation of intracranial abnormal amyloid deposition using PET/CT histogram without use of cortical ROI analyses.

Twenty-five healthy volunteers (HV) and 38 patients with diagnosed or suspected dementia who had undergone ¹⁸F-FPYBF-2 PET/CT were retrospectively included in this study. Out of them, ¹¹C-PiB PET/CT had been also performed in 13 subjects. In addition to the conventional methods, namely visual judgment and quantitative analyses using composed standardized uptake value ratio (comSUVR), the PET images were also evaluated by the following new parameters: the skewness and the mode-to-mean ratio (MMR) obtained from the histogram of the brain parenchyma; Top20%-map highlights the areas with high tracer accumulation occupying 20% volume of the total brain parenchymal on the individual's CT images. We evaluated the utility of the new methods using histogram compared with the visual assessment and comSUVR. The results of these new methods between ¹⁸F-FPYBF-2 and ¹¹C-PiB were also compared in 13 subjects.

In visual analysis, 32, 9, and 22 subjects showed negative, border, and positive results, and composed SUVR in each group were 1.11 ± 0.06, 1.20 ± 0.13, and 1.48 ± 0.18 (p < 0.0001), respectively. Visually positive subjects showed significantly low skewness and high MMR (p < 0.0001), and the Top20%-Map showed the presence or absence of abnormal deposits clearly. In comparison between the two tracers, visual evaluation was all consistent, and the ComSUVR, the skewness, the MMR showed significant good correlation. The Top20%-Maps showed similar pattern.

Our new methods using the histogram of the brain parenchymal accumulation are simple and suitable for clinical practice of amyloid PET, and Top20%-Map on the individual's brain CT can be of great help for the visual assessment.