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TSPO in pancreatic beta cells and its possible involvement in type 2 diabetes

Ghislaine Guillemain1, Lucie Khemtemourian2, Juliette Brehat3

  • 1Sorbonne Université, Institut Hospitalo-Universitaire, INSERM UMR_S938, Institute of Cardiometabolism and Nutrition (ICAN), Centre de Recherche de St-Antoine (CRSA), 27 Rue de Chaligny, 75012, Paris, France.

Biochimie
|June 22, 2024
PubMed

Insights

Translocator Protein (TSPO) is linked to inflammation and amyloidosis in type 2 diabetes. TSPO deficiency increases insulin secretion and human islet amyloid polypeptide (hIAPP) fibril formation, suggesting TSPO as a therapeutic target.

Area of Science:

  • Biomedical Science
  • Endocrinology
  • Neuroscience

Background:

  • Amyloidosis involves amyloid deposits, fibrils, or plaques, affecting various organs.
  • In the brain, amyloidosis is linked to neurodegenerative diseases, with Translocator Protein (TSPO) overexpression indicating inflammation.
  • Type 2 diabetes involves beta cell loss due to human islet amyloid polypeptide (hIAPP) fibril formation, reducing insulin production.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the link between TSPO, inflammation, and type 2 diabetes.
  • To explore the role of TSPO in hIAPP fibril formation and insulin secretion.

Main Methods:

  • Correlating TSPO overexpression and inflammation in prediabetic patients.
  • Comparing insulin secretion and hIAPP fibril formation in TSPO-deficient rats versus wild-type rats.
  • Examining TSPO overexpression and hIAPP fibril formation in INS-1E rat beta cells under diabetogenic conditions.

Main Results:

  • TSPO overexpression and inflammation were linked in potentially prediabetic patients.
  • TSPO-deficient rats exhibited higher basal insulin secretion and increased hIAPP fibril formation.
  • Diabetogenic conditions elevated TSPO expression and hIAPP fibril formation in rat beta cells.

Conclusions:

  • TSPO is implicated in the inflammatory processes of type 2 diabetes.
  • Modulating TSPO may offer a novel therapeutic strategy for type 2 diabetes treatment or prevention.
Keywords:
Amyloid proteinsPancreasTSPOType 2 diabetes

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