Bilateral Exudative Retinal Detachment in Preeclampsia: A Case Report and Literature Review

Preeclampsia, a complex multisystem disorder predominantly impacting the kidneys and liver, manifests through hypertension and organ dysfunction in expectant mothers. Preeclampsia can also cause ocular signs, but they are uncommon. Exudative retinal detachment (ERD) is one such unusual but dangerous consequence. A thorough clinical description and therapy of a patient who experienced exudative retinal detachment while experiencing preeclampsia are provided in this study. A 28-year-old Saudi female, with no medical or surgical history, underwent an emergency cesarean section (CS) due to severe preeclampsia and failed induction of labor. The patient complained of painless blurry vision, with central dark spot and decreased vision starting from labor daytime. The patient was admitted to the hospital for blood pressure monitoring and further investigations. The patient was started on hydralazine intravenous (IV) and labetalol PO to control BP. The patient was delivered by cesarean section for preeclampsia with severe features after the failure of labor induction, and she had improved her vision by four weeks postpartum. Retinal detachment as a consequence of preeclampsia is conservatively managed, with a generally favorable prognosis. Previous studies have consistently emphasized the critical importance of a multidisciplinary approach that fosters collaboration between obstetricians and ophthalmologists. This collaborative strategy not only ensures comprehensive care but also facilitates early detection, timely intervention, and improved management outcomes for conditions affecting both maternal health and ophthalmic well-being during pregnancy.