Advanced Management of Open Apex Utilizing Platelet-Rich Fibrin and Bone Graft As Apical Barriers With Mineral...

Management of open apex cases in endodontics poses a significant challenge, especially in immature teeth with necrotic pulps. Traditional apexification techniques have been the mainstay of treatment, aiming to induce the formation of a calcific barrier at the root apex. However, newer approaches incorporating biological materials such as platelet-rich fibrin (PRF) and demineralized bone matrix (DMBM) have emerged as promising alternatives. This article presents a case report of an 18-year-old male patient who presented with fractured upper central incisors, with the upper right central incisor displaying an open apex due to trauma sustained eight years prior. The treatment plan involved apexification using a combination of DMBM and PRF, with mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) utilized as an apical barrier. The procedure was performed under rubber dam isolation, meticulously removing necrotic pulp tissue, irrigating with sodium hypochlorite solution, and placing a calcium hydroxide medicament. Subsequent visits included the placement of DMBM and PRF mixture into the canal space to create an apical barrier, followed by MTA placement and final restoration. Follow-up examinations at 3 and 12 months revealed the tooth to be asymptomatic and functionally normal, with radiographic evidence of osseous repair and complete apical closure. This case underscores the efficacy of a multimodal approach utilizing DMBM, PRF, and MTA in successfully managing open apex cases. Further research and long-term follow-up studies are warranted to validate this treatment modality's predictability and long-term success.