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Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

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Better immediate declarative memory is associated with forgetting during locomotor adaptation in chronic stroke and in older adults.

medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences·2026
Same author

Using visual biofeedback to reduce step length error at fast walking speeds is feasible after stroke.

medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences·2026
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Proactive adjustments to cued gait perturbations in people with and without chronic stroke.

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Standardizing the Measurement and Definition of Post-Stroke Cognitive Impairment: Implications for Stroke Recovery and Rehabilitation.

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Proactive adjustments to cued gait perturbations in people with and without chronic stroke.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2025
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 8, 2026

Haptic/Graphic Rehabilitation: Integrating a Robot into a Virtual Environment Library and Applying it to Stroke Therapy
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Visuospatial Skills Explain Differences in the Ability to Use Propulsion Biofeedback Post-stroke.

Sarah A Kettlety1, James M Finley, Kristan A Leech

  • 1Division of Biokinesiology and Physical Therapy, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California (S.A.K., J.M.F., K.A.L.); Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California (J.M.F., K.A.L.); and Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California (J.M.F.).

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|June 24, 2024
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Summary

Specific cognitive skills, like visuospatial ability and attention, impact how well stroke survivors learn to improve their gait using visual biofeedback. Language skills are key for remembering these improvements.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Rehabilitation Medicine
  • Motor Learning

Background:

  • Visual biofeedback aids post-stroke gait rehabilitation by engaging explicit motor learning.
  • Cognitive function influences the effectiveness of visual biofeedback for gait improvement.
  • Specific cognitive domains linked to biofeedback efficacy in stroke survivors remain unclear.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To identify specific cognitive domains associated with gait learning using visual biofeedback in individuals post-stroke.
  • To investigate the relationship between cognitive function and performance during visual biofeedback training for paretic propulsion.
  • To determine cognitive predictors of immediate retention of gait improvements.

Main Methods:

  • Participants post-stroke underwent comprehensive cognitive testing across multiple domains.
  • Treadmill walking data with and without visual biofeedback were collected during a training session.
  • Regression models analyzed the association between cognitive scores, motor impairment, gait speed, and biofeedback performance (error and variability).

Main Results:

  • Visuospatial/constructional skills and motor impairment significantly predicted propulsion error during biofeedback use.
  • Attention skills were the best predictor of performance variability during biofeedback.
  • Language skills were the strongest predictor of recall error during immediate retention.

Conclusions:

  • Specific cognitive impairments, including visuospatial, attention, and language domains, significantly influence locomotor learning outcomes in chronic stroke.
  • These findings suggest that cognitive assessment can help predict patient response to gait interventions.
  • Personalizing training parameters based on individual cognitive profiles may enhance rehabilitation efficacy.