Transient ischaemic attacks. Current treatment concepts

Area of Science:

• Neurology
• Cardiovascular Medicine
• Public Health

Background:

• Transient ischaemic attacks (TIAs) are prevalent, affecting at least 50 per 100,000 individuals annually.
• TIAs present a substantial annual risk of stroke and/or death, estimated at 10%.
• Mortality is frequently linked to coronary artery disease complications rather than cerebrovascular disease.

Purpose of the Study:

• To highlight the critical importance of differentiating TIAs from other transient focal neurological attacks.
• To emphasize the necessity of managing general vascular disease risk factors, especially hypertension.
• To review the current understanding and ongoing research into antithrombotic treatments for TIAs.

Main Methods:

• Review of existing literature and clinical trial data on TIA management.
• Analysis of risk factors associated with cerebrovascular and cardiovascular diseases.
• Evaluation of the efficacy of aspirin and other antiplatelet agents.

Main Results:

• Aspirin is identified as a promising long-term antithrombotic treatment, though optimal dosage requires further investigation.
• Ongoing trials are evaluating aspirin, other antiplatelet agents, carotid endarterectomy, and bypass surgery.
• The pathophysiology and treatment of TIAs may share similarities with focal cerebral ischemia that resolves over days or weeks.

Conclusions:

• Accurate diagnosis and comprehensive management of vascular risk factors are paramount in TIA care.
• Further research and clinical trials are essential to optimize TIA treatment strategies.
• The long-term prognosis and management of TIAs warrant continued investigation and clinical support.