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FISH - Fluorescent In-situ Hybridization

FISH - Fluorescent In-situ Hybridization

Fluorescence in situ hybridization, or FISH, was developed in the early 1980s and has quickly become one of the most widely used techniques in cytogenetics. Labeled probes are used to bind complementary DNA or RNA sequences on a chromosome or in a region within a cell. Earlier, the probes could only be obtained by cloning or reverse transcription of a DNA template. Currently, the probe oligonucleotides can be synthesized synthetically. Additionally, with the advancement of optical techniques,...

In-situ Hybridization

In-situ Hybridization

In situ hybridization (ISH) is a technique used to detect and localize specific DNA or RNA molecules in cells, tissue, or tissue sections using a labeled probe. The technique was first used in 1969 for the investigation of nucleic acids. It is currently an essential tool in scientific research and clinical settings, especially for diagnostic purposes.
Types of probes and labels
A probe is a complementary strand of DNA or RNA that binds to corresponding nucleotide sequences in a cell. Many...

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RETRACTED: Zito Marino et al. AXL and MET Tyrosine Kinase Receptors Co-Expression as a Potential Therapeutic Target in Malignant Pleural Mesothelioma. <i>J. Pers. Med.</i> 2022, <i>12</i>, 1993.

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Updated: Jun 23, 2025

Quantitative Multispectral Analysis Following Fluorescent Tissue Transplant for Visualization of Cell Origins, Types, and Interactions

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Multitarget Fluorescence In Situ Hybridization Diagnostic Applications in Tumors.

Martina Amato¹, Jeremy A Squire², Renato Franco¹

¹Department of Mental and Physic Health and Preventive Medicine, Pathology Unit, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Naples, Italy.

Methods in Molecular Biology (Clifton, N.J.)

|June 24, 2024

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Multitarget fluorescence in situ hybridization (mFISH) detects multiple genetic targets in cancer tissues. This assay is valuable for identifying biomarkers in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded samples.

Keywords:

Diagnostic biomarkers Formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue samples Multitarget fluorescence in situ hybridization Predictive biomarkers Tumors

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Last Updated: Jun 23, 2025

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Area of Science:

Molecular Biology
Oncology
Genetics

Background:

Multitarget fluorescence in situ hybridization (mFISH) enables simultaneous detection of multiple nucleic acid sequences.
mFISH utilizes spectrally distinct fluorophore labels for multiplexed analysis.
The technique is increasingly applied in oncology for biomarker identification.

Purpose of the Study:

To summarize the applications of mFISH in identifying genetic aberrations in various tumor types.
To discuss mFISH protocols specifically for formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tissue samples.
To highlight innovative multitarget probes and critical interpretation issues in mFISH analysis.

Main Methods:

Application of mFISH technique on formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tissue samples.
Utilizing spectrally distinct fluorophore labels for simultaneous detection of multiple target sequences.
Development and application of innovative multitarget probes.

Main Results:

mFISH successfully identifies target genetic aberrations in FFPE samples across diverse tumor types.
Established protocols facilitate mFISH analysis in FFPE tissues.
Demonstrated utility of multitarget probes for comprehensive genetic analysis.

Conclusions:

mFISH is a powerful tool for detecting predictive, prognostic, and diagnostic biomarkers in oncology.
The discussed protocols and probes enhance the application of mFISH in FFPE samples.
Careful interpretation of mFISH results is crucial for accurate clinical application.