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CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM INFECTION BY GROUP A STREPTOCOCCUS IN CHILDREN IN SPAIN (2019-2023)
Elvira Cobo-Vázquez1,2, David Aguilera-Alonso2,3,4, Victoria Rello-Saltor5
1From the Department of Pediatrics, Hospital Universitario Fundación de Alcorcón, Alcorcón.
Abstract:
Central nervous system infections in children caused by group A Streptococcus are rare. This study, conducted across 52 hospitals in Spain from 2019 to 2023, identified 32 cases of central nervous system infections in children caused by group A Streptococcus, with a significant increase from October 2022 onward (1.1% vs. 5.9%, P = 0.002). Half required pediatric intensive care unit admission, 12.5% exhibited sequelae and the mortality rate was 6.2%. Mastoiditis was the predominant primary infection.
Insights
Group A Streptococcus central nervous system infections in children are rare but increasing. This study found a significant rise in cases, with many requiring intensive care and some experiencing long-term effects or death.
Area of Science:
- Pediatric Infectious Diseases
- Neurology
- Microbiology
Background:
- Group A Streptococcus (GAS) is a common pathogen, typically causing pharyngitis or skin infections.
- Central nervous system (CNS) infections are uncommon but serious complications of GAS.
- Recent trends in pediatric CNS infections due to GAS require investigation.
Purpose of the Study:
- To analyze the incidence and characteristics of CNS infections caused by GAS in children.
- To identify trends and risk factors associated with these rare infections.
- To report clinical outcomes, including sequelae and mortality.
Main Methods:
- A multicenter retrospective study was conducted across 52 hospitals in Spain.
- Data were collected from 2019 to 2023, identifying pediatric cases of CNS infections due to GAS.
- Statistical analysis was performed to assess trends and significance.
Main Results:
- A total of 32 pediatric cases of GAS CNS infections were identified.
- A significant increase in incidence was observed from October 2022 onwards (1.1% to 5.9%, P = 0.002).
- Half of the patients required pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) admission, 12.5% had sequelae, and the mortality rate was 6.2%. Mastoiditis was the most common primary infection.
Conclusions:
- Pediatric CNS infections caused by GAS, while rare, show an increasing trend.
- These infections are associated with significant morbidity, including PICU admission and sequelae.
- Prompt recognition and management are crucial given the potential for severe outcomes.
