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In the absence of an external magnetic field, nuclear spin states are degenerate and randomly oriented. When a magnetic field is applied, the spins begin to precess and orient themselves along (lower energy) or against (higher energy) the direction of the field. At equilibrium, a slight excess population of spins exists in the lower energy state. Because the direction of the magnetic field is fixed as the z-axis,  the precessing magnetic moments are randomly oriented around the z-axis.
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Intrinsic second-order magnon thermal Hall effect.

Jun-Cen Li1, Zhen-Gang Zhu1,2

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|June 25, 2024
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Summary

This study explores the nonlinear magnon thermal Hall Effect, revealing its connection to thermal Berry-connection polarizability. Researchers found this effect in ferromagnetic materials can be tuned by Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya strength and strain.

Keywords:
Berry curvaturemagnon thermal Hall effectquantum magnonicsthermal Berry-connection polarizability

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Area of Science:

  • Condensed Matter Physics
  • Magnonics
  • Thermal Transport

Background:

  • The thermal Hall effect describes heat transverse flow under a temperature gradient.
  • Magnons, quantized spin waves, are crucial for heat transport in magnetic materials.
  • Understanding nonlinear effects is key to advanced thermal management.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the intrinsic contribution of the nonlinear magnon thermal Hall Effect.
  • To develop theoretical methods for calculating second-order thermal Hall conductivity.
  • To explore control mechanisms for this effect in magnetic systems.

Main Methods:

  • Derivation of intrinsic second-order thermal Hall conductivity using thermal scalar and vector potential methods.
  • Analysis of the relationship between thermal conductivity and thermal Berry-connection polarizability.
  • Application of the derived theory to monolayer ferromagnetic hexagonal lattices.

Main Results:

  • The intrinsic second-order magnon thermal Hall conductivity is intrinsically linked to thermal Berry-connection polarizability.
  • The derived theory provides a framework for understanding nonlinear thermal transport in magnonics.
  • Demonstrated that conductivity can be modulated by Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction and applied strain.

Conclusions:

  • The nonlinear magnon thermal Hall Effect has an intrinsic component related to Berry-connection properties.
  • Ferromagnetic hexagonal lattices offer a platform for controlling magnon thermal Hall conductivity.
  • Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya strength and strain are viable parameters for tuning thermal transport.