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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 23, 2025

Large Scale Energy Efficient Sensor Network Routing Using a Quantum Processor Unit
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Quantum Authentication Evolution: Novel Approaches for Securing Quantum Key Distribution.

Hassan Termos1

  • 1Lab-STICC, CNRS UMR 6285, ENSTA Bretagne, 2 Rue François Verny, CEDEX 09, 29806 Brest, France.

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|June 26, 2024
PubMed
Summary

This study enhances quantum key distribution (QKD) security using mono-authentication with quantum-resistant signatures. CRYSTALS-DILITHIUM offers superior performance, reducing costs and complexity for resilient quantum communication.

Keywords:
BB84SARG04mono-authenticationquantum bit error ratequantum key distribution

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Area of Science:

  • Quantum Information Science
  • Cryptography
  • Network Security

Background:

  • Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) protocols like BB84 and SARG04 require robust classical channel authentication.
  • Existing authentication methods can introduce significant overhead and complexity, limiting practical QKD deployment.
  • The advent of quantum computing necessitates the use of quantum-resistant cryptographic algorithms.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To introduce and evaluate a novel mono-authentication strategy for QKD security.
  • To assess the performance of quantum-resistant signature algorithms (CRYSTALS-DILITHIUM and RAINBOW) within this framework.
  • To analyze the impact of noise and varying parameters on the efficiency and security of the proposed authentication method.

Main Methods:

  • Implementation of mono-authentication using CRYSTALS-DILITHIUM and RAINBOW signature schemes.
  • Numerical analysis and simulations of QKD protocols (BB84, SARG04) under different noise levels and block sizes.
  • Performance evaluation based on signature overhead, authentication time, and quantum bit error rate (QBER).

Main Results:

  • CRYSTALS-DILITHIUM consistently outperformed RAINBOW across tested scenarios.
  • Signature overheads were minimal (approx. 0.5% for BB84, 0.4% for SARG04) even with QBER up to 8%.
  • Higher security levels correlated with increased authentication times, but CRYSTALS-DILITHIUM maintained efficiency up to 10,000 kb/s.

Conclusions:

  • Mono-authentication significantly reduces cost and complexity in QKD systems.
  • CRYSTALS-DILITHIUM is a highly effective quantum-resistant algorithm for QKD authentication, especially in noisy environments.
  • The proposed approach enhances the resilience and practicality of quantum communication systems.