Related Experiment Video
Updated: Jun 23, 2025

Rapid High-throughput Species Identification of Botanical Material Using Direct Analysis in Real Time High Resolution Mass Spectrometry
Published on: October 2, 2016
Characterization and Metabolism of Drug Products Containing the Cocaine-Like New Psychoactive Substances Indatraline
Sascha K Manier1, Paula Mumber2, Josef Zapp3
1Department of Experimental and Clinical Toxicology and Pharmacology, Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Saarland University, Center for Molecular Signaling (PZMS), 66421 Homburg, Germany.
Abstract:
With a rising demand of cocaine over the last years, it is likely that unregulated new psychoactive substances with similar effects such as indatraline ((1R,3S)-3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-N-methyl-2,3-dihydro-1H-inden-1-amine) and troparil (Methyl (1R,2S,3S,5S)-8-methyl-3-phenyl-8-azabicyclo[3.2.1]octane-2-carboxylate) become popular as well. Both substances share a similar pharmacological profile as cocaine, while their potency is higher, and their duration of action is longer. This study investigated their metabolic fate in rat urine and incubations using pooled human liver S9 fraction (pHLS9). Indatraline formed two phase I and four phase II metabolites, with aromatic hydroxylation and glucuronidation being the main metabolic steps. All metabolites were detected in rat urine, while the parent compound was not detectable. Although low in abundance, indatraline metabolites were well identifiable due to their specific isotopic patterns caused by chlorine. Troparil formed four phase I and three phase II metabolites, with demethylation being the main metabolic step. Hydroxylation of the tropane ring, the phenyl ring, and combinations of these steps, as well as glucuronidation, were found. Phase I metabolites were detectable in rat urine and pHLS9, while phase II metabolites were only detectable in rat urine.
More Related Videos
Related Concept Videos
Nonlinear Pharmacokinetics: Dependence of Elimination Half-Life and Dose Clearance
A study on guinea pigs examined the...
Adrenergic Agonists: Indirect-Acting Agents
One mechanism involves depleting stored catecholamines by displacing them from synaptic vesicles. These agents, known as "displacers," are transported into vesicles at the expense of noradrenaline. Examples include amphetamine and tyramine, which lack a catechol moiety, resulting in prolonged action, improved oral...
Drugs Affecting Neurotransmitter Release or Uptake
Drugs Affecting Neurotransmitter Synthesis
CNS Stimulants: Cocaine, Amphetamines and Cannabinoids
Antipsychotic Drugs: Typical and Atypical Agents

