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Cannabinoids: Sources, Applications, Pharmacokinetics, and Analytical Challenges for their Monitoring in Complex
Alin-Constantin Dirtu1,2, Silviu-Iulian Filipiuc1, Andrei-Alexandru Cîmpan3
1Advanced Center for Research and Development in Experimental Medicine "Prof. Ostin C. Mungiu" (CEMEX), "Grigore T. Popa" University of Medicine and Pharmacy Iasi, 9-13 Mihail Kogălniceanu St., Iași, Romania.
Abstract:
The term "cannabinoids" refers to a broad class of chemical substances that primarily interact with cannabinoid receptors found in the human body, producing a wide range of biological effects. Based on their origin, cannabinoids are generally classified into three main categories: phytocannabinoids, endocannabinoids, and synthetic cannabinoids. This review addresses the most relevant cannabinoids reported in recent scientific literature from multiple perspectives, including their sources, interactions with the endocannabinoid system, therapeutic applications, pharmacokinetics, and the human biological matrices commonly targeted in cannabinoid testing or monitoring studies. Particular emphasis is placed on the analytical challenges associated with cannabinoid determination in complex matrices, including sample extraction and cleanup strategies as well as analytical approaches.
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