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Light-mediated Formation and Patterning of Hydrogels for Cell Culture Applications
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Hydrogel morphogenesis induced by force-controlled growth.

Zhi Jian Wang1,2, Ji Lin3, Tasuku Nakajima2,4

  • 1Graduate School of Life Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 001-0021, Japan.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
|June 26, 2024
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study introduces a novel method for hydrogel morphogenesis, using force-controlled chemical reactions in double network (DN) hydrogels. This technique allows elastic materials to achieve complex 3D shapes, mimicking natural growth processes.

Keywords:
blow moldingdouble network hydrogelgrowth-induced-plasticitymechanochemistryshape morphing

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Biomaterials Engineering
  • Soft Robotics

Background:

  • Morphogenesis, the development of biological structures, is often driven by mechanical forces.
  • Hydrogels are versatile materials with potential applications in biomedical fields and soft machines.
  • Controlling hydrogel shape and structure remains a significant challenge.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a bioinspired strategy for hydrogel morphogenesis using force-controlled chemical reactions.
  • To investigate the role of sacrificial bonds in enabling shape-memory properties in hydrogels.
  • To demonstrate the ability of double network (DN) hydrogels to undergo controlled growth and shape change.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized a double network (DN) hydrogel incorporating sacrificial bonds.
  • Applied mechanical forces to induce deformation and trigger sacrificial bond rupture.
  • Introduced monomers to initiate a force-controlled chemical reaction and form a new polymer network.
  • Observed shape changes in sheet-shaped DN hydrogels under various mechanical stresses (drawing, blowing).

Main Results:

  • Mechanical force application led to hydrogel deformation and sacrificial bond rupture.
  • Bond rupture generated radicals that initiated in-situ polymerization, forming a new network.
  • The new network imparted plasticity, allowing the hydrogel to retain its deformed shape.
  • DN hydrogels exhibited increased volume and enhanced strength after morphogenesis.
  • Sheet hydrogels rapidly formed various 3D shapes at ambient temperature when subjected to forces.

Conclusions:

  • The proposed strategy enables controlled morphogenesis of elastic hydrogels through force-induced chemical reactions.
  • This mechanism allows hydrogels to adapt and maintain complex shapes, mimicking biological growth.
  • The findings have significant implications for developing advanced hydrogels for biomedical applications and soft machines.