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Related Concept Videos

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Thermal Stress

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If the temperature of an object is changed while it is prevented from expanding or contracting, the object is subjected to stress. The stress is compressive if the object expands in the absence of constraint and tensile if it contracts. This stress resulting from temperature change is known as thermal stress. It can be quite large and can cause damage. To avoid this stress, engineers may design components so they can expand and contract freely. For instance, on highways, gaps are deliberately...
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Thermal expansion and Thermal stress: Problem Solving01:27

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San Francisco's Golden Gate Bridge is exposed to temperatures ranging from -15 °C to 40 °C. At its coldest, the main span of the bridge is 1275 m long. Assuming that the bridge is made entirely of steel, what is the change in its length between these temperatures?
To solve the problem, first, identify the known and unknown quantities. The initial length (L) of the bridge is 1275 m, the coefficient of linear expansion (α) for steel is 12 x 10-6/°C, and the change in temperature (ΔT) is 55...
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Mechanism of heat transfer01:19

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Understanding heat transfer mechanisms is essential for understanding how our bodies maintain balance in different environmental conditions. When the environment is thermoneutral, the body is in a state of balance, neither using nor releasing energy to maintain its core temperature. However, when the environment is not thermoneutral, the body employs four heat transfer mechanisms to maintain homeostasis: conduction, convection, evaporation, and radiation. These mechanisms facilitate heat...
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Mechanisms of Heat Transfer II01:20

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In convection, thermal energy is carried by the large-scale flow of matter. Ocean currents and large-scale atmospheric circulation, which result from the buoyancy of warm air and water, transfer hot air from the tropics toward the poles and cold air from the poles toward the tropics. The Earth’s rotation interacts with those flows, causing the observed eastward flow of air in the temperate zones. Convection dominates heat transfer by air, and the amount of available space for the airflow...
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Mechanisms of Heat Transfer01:14

Mechanisms of Heat Transfer

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Heat transfer between the human body and its environment occurs through four main mechanisms: conduction, convection, radiation, and evaporation.
Conduction, accounting for approximately 3% of body heat loss at rest, is the process of exchanging heat between molecules of two materials in direct contact. This can result in both heat loss and gain. For instance, when the body is submerged in water, which conducts heat 20 times more effectively than air, it can either lose or gain significant...
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Mechanisms of Heat Transfer I01:14

Mechanisms of Heat Transfer I

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Just as interesting as the effects of heat transfer on a system are the methods by which the heat transfer occur. Whenever there is a temperature difference, heat transfer occurs. It may occur rapidly, such as through a cooking pan, or slowly, such as through the walls of a picnic ice box. So many processes involve heat transfer that it is hard to imagine a situation where no heat transfer occurs. Yet, every heat transfer takes place by only three methods: conduction, convection, and radiation.
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Experimental Methods for Investigation of Shape Memory Based Elastocaloric Cooling Processes and Model Validation
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Janus-Structured Thermal Interface Materials with Superb Vibration Adaptability for Dynamic Thermal Management.

Yi Mao1, Jiahao Lu1, Junkang Chen1

  • 1MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials and Technologies, Research Center for Advanced Fibers, Zhejiang University, 38 Zheda Road, Hangzhou 310027, China.

ACS Nano
|April 6, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

A novel Janus-structured thermal interface material (TIM) enhances heat dissipation in electronics. This material maintains stable thermal performance under vibration and thermal shock, improving device reliability.

Keywords:
Janus structurecarbon foammechanical vibrationsphase-change compositethermal interface materials

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Nanotechnology
  • Mechanical Engineering

Background:

  • Miniaturization and rising power densities in electronics demand advanced thermal management solutions.
  • Conventional thermal interface materials (TIMs) degrade under thermal shock and vibration, reducing device reliability.
  • Effective thermal management at material interfaces is crucial for modern electronic devices.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a Janus-structured TIM (J-CF/PW) that mitigates heat concentration and sustains thermal performance under vibration.
  • To investigate the thermal conductivity and mechanical properties of the novel TIM.
  • To establish a paradigm for synergistic thermomechanical optimization in dynamic thermal management.

Main Methods:

  • Fabrication of a Janus-structured TIM (J-CF/PW) using carbon foam (CF) and high-entropy paraffin wax (PW).
  • Characterization of thermal conductivity in vertical and horizontal directions.
  • Evaluation of compressive recoverability and stability under mechanical vibration.

Main Results:

  • J-CF/PW exhibits significant thermal conductivity enhancements: 2363% vertically and 15742% horizontally.
  • The material retains high latent heat with low carbon foam content (7.7 wt %).
  • Excellent compressive recoverability (30% strain, 10,000 cycles) and stable thermal contact up to 50 Hz vibration were achieved.

Conclusions:

  • The J-CF/PW design offers superior thermal management capabilities for electronics.
  • The asymmetric architecture effectively buffers heat flux and provides continuous heat transfer pathways.
  • This study presents a new approach for thermomechanical optimization in dynamic thermal management applications.