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Chambers of the Heart

Chambers of the Heart

The human heart is a complex organ made up of four chambers: the right and left atria and the right and left ventricles. These internal chambers are separated by partitions known as the interatrial and interventricular septa. The exterior of the heart features a groove known as the coronary sulcus that demarcates the atria from the ventricles, while the anterior and posterior interventricular sulci distinguish between the two ventricles.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 23, 2025

Use of a Percutaneous Ventricular Assist Device/Left Atrium to Femoral Artery Bypass System for Cardiogenic Shock

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Is this an anteroseptal accessory pathway?

Bin Zhu¹, Lijun Zeng², Qin Wang³

¹Department of Cardiology, Fushun People's Hospital, Zigong, China.

Journal of Electrocardiology

|June 26, 2024

Summary

Electrocardiogram (ECG) analysis revealed multiple accessory pathways (APs) in a patient, despite initial localization to the anteroseptal region. Detailed ECG interpretation is crucial for accurate diagnosis and successful ablation of complex cardiac accessory pathway cases.

Keywords:

Accessory pathway Electrophysiologic study Wolff-Parkinson-White Syndrome

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Last Updated: Jun 23, 2025

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Reduction of Iatrogenic Atrial Septal Defects with an Anterior and Inferior Transseptal Puncture Site when Operating the Cryoballoon Ablation Catheter

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Echocardiographic Evaluation of Atrial Communications before Transcatheter Closure

Echocardiographic Evaluation of Atrial Communications before Transcatheter Closure

Published on: February 8, 2022

Area of Science:

Cardiology
Electrophysiology
Medical Diagnostics

Background:

Preexcitation on electrocardiogram (ECG) suggests accessory pathways (APs) bypassing normal conduction.
Standard algorithms aim to localize APs based on ECG patterns.
Discrepancies in ECG findings can indicate complex or multiple APs.

Observation:

A patient presented with a preexcited QRS pattern on ECG during sinus rhythm.
Initial ECG analysis suggested an anteroseptal accessory pathway (AP).
However, precordial transition zones indicated a potential mid-septal or posteroseptal AP, creating a diagnostic mismatch.

Findings:

The observed ECG mismatch prompted further investigation, suggesting the presence of multiple accessory pathways (APs).
Electrophysiologic study confirmed the existence of five distinct APs.
This case underscores the limitations of standard algorithms in complex scenarios.

Implications:

Accurate identification of all accessory pathways (APs) is essential for successful ablation and preventing recurrence.
Detailed and critical analysis of ECG findings, especially discordant patterns, is vital in diagnosing multiple APs.
This case emphasizes the need for a comprehensive diagnostic approach in patients with suspected accessory pathway-mediated arrhythmias.