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Dry Powder and Nebulized Aerosol Inhalation of Pharmaceuticals Delivered to Mice Using a Nose-only Exposure System

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Published on: April 6, 2017

[COPD inhaled therapy narrative review].

M Villar Martínez¹, E Calvo Manuel¹, A L Aguilar-Shea²

¹Medicina Interna, Hospital Universitario Clínico San Carlos, Madrid, España.

|June 26, 2024

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Triple therapy is essential for poorly controlled COPD patients, offering benefits over dual therapy. While long-acting muscarinic antagonists/long-acting beta-agonists/inhaled corticosteroids combinations show no single superior drug, budesonide/formoterol may outperform fluticasone/salmeterol in dual therapy.

Keywords:

Agonistas β2 adrenérgicos de acción larga Anticolinérgicos de acción larga Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease Corticoides inhalados Enfermedad pulmonar obstructiva crónica Exacerbación Exacerbation Inhaled corticosteroids Inhaler therapy Long-acting muscarinic antagonist Long-acting β agonists Terapia inhaladora

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Area of Science:

Pulmonology
Pharmacology
Clinical Medicine

Context:

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) maintenance treatment relies on long-acting bronchodilators and inhaled corticosteroids.
Recent clinical practice guideline modifications necessitate a review of therapeutic options.

Purpose:

To compare the effectiveness of various therapeutic alternatives and pharmacological agents for COPD maintenance treatment.
To guide clinical decisions based on current evidence.

Summary:

Triple therapy (long-acting muscarinic antagonist/long-acting beta-agonist/inhaled corticosteroid) is superior to dual therapy in patients with poorly controlled COPD or an eosinophilic phenotype.
No significant differences in efficacy were found among different long-acting muscarinic antagonist/long-acting beta-agonist or long-acting muscarinic antagonist/long-acting beta-agonist/inhaled corticosteroid combinations.
The budesonide/formoterol combination demonstrated better symptom control than fluticasone/salmeterol in long-acting beta-agonist/inhaled corticosteroid dual therapy.
Triple therapies did not show a significant increase in side effects like pneumonia.

Impact:

Provides evidence-based recommendations for optimizing COPD maintenance therapy.
Highlights the importance of triple therapy and specific dual-therapy combinations for improved patient outcomes.
Informs clinicians about the comparative effectiveness of different inhaled medications for COPD management.