Versatile JMJD proteins: juggling histones and much more.

Area of Science:

• Biochemistry
• Molecular Biology
• Genetics

Background:

• Jumonji C domain-containing (JMJD) proteins are a diverse superfamily of enzymes.
• They possess catalytic activities like histone demethylation and protein hydroxylation.
• These proteins are crucial in epigenetic regulation and various cellular functions.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review the catalytic properties and functions of the 33 human JMJD proteins.
• To explore their roles in epigenetic and non-epigenetic cellular processes.
• To emphasize their involvement in sex-specific disease differences and metabolic sensing.

Main Methods:

• Literature review of established and controversial catalytic properties of JMJD proteins.
• Survey of epigenetic and non-epigenetic functions across various organisms.
• Analysis of JMJD protein involvement in development, homeostasis, and disease.

Main Results:

• JMJD proteins exhibit diverse enzymatic activities, impacting gene expression and cellular pathways.
• They play significant roles in development, maintaining homeostasis, and sensing metabolic cues.
• Evidence suggests their contribution to sex-specific disease variations.

Conclusions:

• JMJD proteins are vital regulators of fundamental biological processes.
• Their multifaceted roles position them as significant targets for therapeutic intervention in numerous diseases.
• Further research into JMJD protein functions and dysregulation is warranted for drug development.