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Evaluating the Impact of Coaching Through the Transition to Residency
Abigail Ford Winkel1, Barbara Porter2, Magdalena Robak Scheer2
1New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA. abigail.winkel@nyulangone.org.
Background:
Coaching has been proposed to support the transition to residency. Clarifying its impact will help define its value and best use.
Objective:
To explore the experiences of residents working with coaches through the residency transition.
Design:
A cohort comparison survey compared experiences of a coached resident cohort with coaches to the prior, uncoached cohort.
Participants:
Post-graduate year (PGY)-2 residents in internal medicine, obstetrics and gynecology, emergency medicine, and pathology at a single academic center.
Interventions:
Faculty trained as coaches had semi-structured meetings with graduating medical students and residents throughout the PGY-1 year.
Main Measures:
An online anonymous survey assessed effects of coaching on measures of self-directed learning, professional development, program support and impact of coaching using existing scales (2-item Maslach Burnout Inventory, Brief Resilient Coping Scale, 2-item Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale, Stanford Professional Fulfillment Inventory), and novel measures adapted for this survey. Bivariate analyses (t-tests and chi-square tests) compared cohort responses. MANOVA assessed the effects of coaching, burnout and their interactions on the survey domains.
Key Results:
Of 156 PGY2 residents, 86 (55%) completed the survey. More residents in the "un-coached" cohort reported burnout (69%) than the "coached" cohort (51%). Burnout was significantly and negatively associated (F = 3.97 (df 7, 75); p < .001) with the learning and professional development outcomes, while being coached was significantly and positively associated with those outcomes (F = 5.54 (df 9, 75); p < .001). Significant interaction effects were found for goal-setting attitudes, professional fulfillment, and perceived program career support such that the positive differences in these outcomes between coached and un-coached residents were greater among burned out residents. Coached residents reported a positive impact of coaching across many domains.
Conclusions:
Residents experiencing coaching reported better professional fulfillment and development outcomes, with more pronounced differences in trainees experiencing burnout. Coaching is a promising tool to support a fraught professional transition.
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