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This study demonstrates a novel lattice interferometer for precision gravity measurements. The new method achieves unprecedented accuracy, ruling out screened fifth force theories and advancing tests of fundamental physics.

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Area of Science:

  • Atomic physics
  • Gravitational physics
  • Precision measurements

Background:

  • Gravity is a fundamental force, yet difficult to measure precisely in laboratories.
  • Atom interferometers are valuable tools for gravity experiments, but free-fall limitations restrict measurement times.
  • Optical lattice interferometers offer longer measurement times but face challenges with systematic effects due to strong lattice forces.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To optimize the gravitational sensitivity of atom lattice interferometers.
  • To develop methods for suppressing and quantifying systematic effects in lattice interferometry.
  • To perform precision measurements of gravitational force from a miniature source mass.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized an optimized atom lattice interferometer with signal inversion techniques.
  • Suspended atoms in an optical-lattice mode filtered by an optical cavity for extended interrogation times.
  • Precisely measured the gravitational attraction of a miniature source mass.

Main Results:

  • Measured the acceleration due to a miniature source mass as 33.3 ± 5.6 (stat) ± 2.7 (syst) nm s⁻².
  • Achieved an overall accuracy of 6.2 nm s⁻², surpassing previous atom-based measurements by over a factor of four.
  • Results are consistent with Newtonian gravity, excluding screened fifth force theories within their parameter space.

Conclusions:

  • The developed lattice interferometer enables high-precision gravity tests, overcoming limitations of free-fall experiments.
  • The findings provide stringent constraints on alternative theories of gravity.
  • Future improvements in atom cooling and noise suppression will enhance sensitivity for exploring fundamental physics at short ranges.