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Heatpipe-cooled in-vacuum electromagnet for quantum science experiments.

Kenneth Nakasone1, Paola Luna1, Andrei Zhukov1

  • 1Wyant College of Optical Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, USA.

The Review of Scientific Instruments
|August 21, 2025
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

We developed a compact, in-vacuum electromagnet using heatpipes for quantum inertial sensors. This design enables portable quantum technologies by efficiently managing heat and reducing size, weight, and power consumption.

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Area of Science:

  • Quantum physics
  • Sensor technology
  • Materials science

Background:

  • Quantum inertial sensors offer high accuracy for fundamental physics research and applications like geophysics and navigation.
  • Current quantum control methods require bulky laboratory equipment, limiting practical field deployment.
  • Reducing the size, weight, and power (SWaP) of quantum sensor apparatus is crucial for broader applications.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To design and implement a compact, in-vacuum electromagnet for quantum control operations.
  • To address the thermal management challenges of in-vacuum electromagnets.
  • To enable the development of robust, portable quantum inertial sensors.

Main Methods:

  • Integrated an electromagnet within a vacuum chamber to minimize size and improve switching times.
  • Utilized heatpipes with a phase-transition working fluid for efficient thermal conductivity (>100x bulk metal).
  • Designed for compatibility with ultrahigh vacuum and ample optical access for atomic experiments.

Main Results:

  • Demonstrated an in-vacuum electromagnet capable of handling over 50 W of thermal power.
  • Achieved compact, low-vibration, and robust thermal management using heatpipes.
  • The design facilitates essential quantum control operations like magneto-optical trapping and evaporative cooling.

Conclusions:

  • The developed in-vacuum electromagnet is a key component for realizing portable quantum inertial sensors.
  • Heatpipe technology offers a highly effective solution for thermal management in compact vacuum systems.
  • This advancement paves the way for deploying advanced quantum technologies outside the laboratory.