Genomic Characterization of Quality Wool Traits in Spanish Merino Sheep

Area of Science:

• Animal Genetics
• Wool Science
• Livestock Breeding

Background:

• The Spanish Merino is the ancestral breed for all Merino-derived sheep globally.
• Historically bred for superior fine wool, most herds were crossbred for meat due to market changes.
• Purebred Spanish Merino animals with high wool quality potential still exist.

Purpose of the Study:

• To characterize the current wool quality of the Spanish Merino breed.
• To identify specific genes associated with key wool production parameters.
• To assess the potential for recovering the breed for fine wool production.

Main Methods:

• Analysis of over 12,800 wool quality records using the Australian OFDA 2000 system.
• Whole-genome sequencing of Spanish Merino animals with extreme fiber diameter values.
• Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) to identify genetic variants linked to wool traits.

Main Results:

• 74 genetic variants associated with wool traits were identified, located within 70 different genes.
• Genes such as EDN2, COL18A1, LRP1B, FGF12, and ADAM17 were found to be crucial for hair follicle development and wool characteristics.
• Significant potential for improving wool quality through genetic selection was confirmed.

Conclusions:

• The Spanish Merino breed possesses significant untapped potential for high-quality fine wool production.
• Identification of candidate genes provides a foundation for marker-assisted selection strategies.
• Genetic insights can guide efforts to restore and enhance the breed's wool-producing capabilities.